40 years of the Nobel prize in physics: then and now
Ricardo A. Broglia
备注：
Invited lecture delivered on December 14th, 2015 in occasion of the celebration by the Niels Bohr Archive of the 40th anniversary of Aage Bohr and Ben Mottelson co-sharing of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics, held in the historic Auditorium A of the Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
The findings for which Aage Bohr and Ben R. Mottelson became co-winners of the 1975 Nobel prize in physics provided the basis for a comprehensive and operative answer to the central problem in the study of the nuclear structure, namely the identification of the appropriate concepts and degrees of freedom that are suitable for describing the phenomena encountered. To do so they produced a breathtaking unification of a number of well established concepts, namely liquid drop and shell models, elementary modes of excitation, superconductivity and quantum electrodynamics, resulting eventually in the paradigm of broken symmetry restoration to determine the nuclear collective variables (CV, elementary modes of excitation): violation of translation invariance by the mean field and by scattering states (single-particle motion), of rotational invariance in the variety of spaces, in particular in 3D- and in gauge-space, leading to surface vibrations and to quadrupole rotations, as well as to pairing vibrations and rotations, with associated emergent properties of generalized rigidity in these spaces, resulting from the coupling to single-particle degrees of freedom.
The Nobel Prize in physics and the contribution of Ukrainian scientists to the understanding of quantum phenomena, in particular the behavior of macroscopic systems (The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics)
The road of quantum entanglement: from Einstein to 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics
Wilczek Quantum Center, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Studies（上海高等研究院）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Department of Physics, Fudan University（复旦大学）
Chronicle: "Foot of the iceberg" of Nobel Prize in Physics 2025: ILTPE and LTP contribution
B. I. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine（乌克兰国家科学院B.I.维尔金低温物理与工程研究所）；Comenius University（科马尼斯大学）
Early publications about nonzero cosmological constant
2011年，诺贝尔物理学奖授予了1998年发现非零宇宙学常数的科学家。这一发现非常重要，值得获得诺贝尔奖。然而，几年前已经发表了几篇论文（Paal，Horvath，& Lukacs 1992; Holba et al. 1992，Holba et al. 1994），从观测数据中发现了非常相似的发现。
尽管他是诺贝尔奖的获得者，尽管他的成就很伟大，但朱利安·施温格几乎是我们这个时代的无名英雄。他是相对不为人知的一般人口，即使在物理学界，他是一个著名的理论家和物理教师。1965年，他与理查德·费曼（Richard P. Feynman）和友永信一郎（Shin'ichiro Tomonaga）共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖，以表彰他们对量子电动力学（QED）的发展。在这三位杰出的物理学家中，甚至在所有从事量子电动力学研究的物理学家中，他的工作是最严格和数学上最精确的。
