NEUTRINOS：具有快速特征的神秘粒子，导致了2015年诺贝尔物理学奖
NEUTRINOS: Mysterious Particles with Fascinating Features, which led to the Physics Nobel Prize 2015
摘要：
宇宙中最丰富的粒子是光子和中微子。这两种类型的粒子在宇宙的早期就到处旋转。因此，中微子就在我们周围，永远穿过我们的星球和我们的身体，但我们没有注意到：它们非常难以捉摸。它们在1930年被作为理论假说提出，并在1956年被实验发现。从那时起，它们的性质就一直让我们感到惊讶;例如，它们是破坏宇称对称性的关键人物。在粒子物理学的标准模型中，它们以三种类型出现，称为“味道”，自1998/9以来，我们知道它们在这些味道中不断变化。这种“中微子振荡“意味着它们是有质量的，与前面的图片相反，具有深远的影响。这一发现被授予2015年诺贝尔物理学奖。
英文摘要：
The most abundant particles in the Universe are photons and neutrinos. Both types of particles are whirling around everywhere, since the early Universe. Hence the neutrinos are all around us, and permanently pass through our planet and our bodies, but we do not notice: they are extremely elusive. They were suggested as a theoretical hypothesis in 1930, and discovered experimentally in 1956. Ever since their properties keep on surprising us; for instance, they are key players in the violation of parity symmetry. In the Standard Model of particle physics they appear in three types, known as "flavors", and since 1998/9 we know that they keep on transmuting among these flavors. This "neutrino oscillation" implies that they are massive, contrary to the previous picture, with far-reaching consequences. This discovery was awarded the Physics Nobel Prize 2015.
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