黑洞与2020年诺贝尔物理学奖
Black Holes and the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics
摘要：
2020年诺贝尔物理学奖表彰了两个关于黑洞的研究项目，这是广义相对论最引人注目的预言之一。奖金分为两部分。前半部分奖颁给了罗杰·彭罗斯，以表彰他的奇点定理，该定理保证了自广义相对论研究的早期阶段就在数学上发现的黑洞不仅仅是高度对称的、奇怪的引力结构，而且是广义相对论的有力预言。下半场被授予Andrea Ghez和Reinhard Genzel，他们领导了两个独立的小组，对我们银河系的中心进行了复杂的观测，这表明那里有一个超大质量黑洞。本文简述了广义相对论的主要思想和黑洞的主要特征。在上述诺贝尔奖授予的两项工作进行了说明。
英文摘要：
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics distinguished two research projects on black holes, which are one of the most striking predictions of General Relativity. The prize was divided in two parts. The first half was awarded to Roger Penrose in recognition of his singularity theorems that guarantee that black holes, which were mathematically found since an early stage of the study of General Relativity, are not mere highly-symmetric, curious gravitational configurations, but robust predictions of the theory. The second half was awarded to Andrea Ghez and Reinhard Genzel who led two independent groups that carried out sophisticated observations of the center of our galaxy, which suggest that therein is a supermassive black hole. In this note, the main ideas of the theory of general relativity are briefly described, as well as the main features of black holes. The two works awarded in the aforementioned Nobel prize are described.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
