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arXiv 1603.00481astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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投在HD 135344 B过渡盘上的阴影。多波长VLT/SPHERE偏振差分成像

Shadows cast on the transition disk of HD 135344B. Multiwavelength VLT/SPHERE polarimetric differential imaging

T. Stolker, C. Dominik, H. Avenhaus, M. Min, J. de Boer, C. Ginski, H. M. Schmid, A. Juhasz, A. Bazzon, L. B. F. M. Waters, A. Garufi, J. -C. Augereau, M. Benis… 展开作者

T. Stolker, C. Dominik, H. Avenhaus, M. Min, J. de Boer, C. Ginski, H. M. Schmid, A. Juhasz, A. Bazzon, L. B. F. M. Waters, A. Garufi, J. -C. Augereau, M. Benisty, A. Boccaletti, Th. Henning, M. Langlois, A. -L. Maire, F. Ménard, M. R. Meyer, C. Pinte, S. P. Quanz, C. Thalmann, J. -L. Beuzit, M. Carbillet, A. Costille, K. Dohlen, M. Feldt, D. Gisler, D. Mouillet, A. Pavlov, D. Perret, C. Petit, J. Pragt, S. Rochat, R. Roelfsema, B. Salasnich, C. Soenke, F. Wildi

摘要:

F-型恒星HD 135344 B(SAO 206462)周围的原行星盘处于过渡阶段,在散射光和热(亚)毫米辐射中显示出许多有趣的结构,这些结构可能与行星形成过程有关。我们研究的形态和表面亮度的磁盘在散射光,以深入了解最里面的磁盘区域,形成的原行星,行星盘的相互作用跟踪的表面和中面层,和尘埃颗粒的磁盘表面的属性。我们用VLT/SPHERE进行了高对比度偏振差分成像(PDI)观测,用ZIMPOL获得了R波段和I波段的偏振散射光图像,用IRDIS获得了Y波段和J波段的偏振散射光图像。散射光图像以前所未有的角分辨率和灵敏度揭示了旋臂以及盘的25 au腔。在外盘上发现了多个阴影特征,其中一个阴影在第二个观测时期仅存在。在西南方向的恒星辐射校正图像中观察到一个正的表面亮度梯度,这可能是由于通过螺旋臂的温度和/或表面密度的方位角不对称扰动。磁盘集成的偏振通量,归一化的恒星通量,显示出积极的趋势,对较长的波长,我们归因于大的聚集尘埃颗粒在磁盘表面。J波段Uphi图像中的部分非方位偏振信号可能是圆盘多次散射的结果。检测到的阴影功能及其可能的变化有可能提供洞察的结构和过程中发生的最内层磁盘区域。

英文摘要:

The protoplanetary disk around the F-type star HD 135344B (SAO 206462) is in a transition stage and shows many intriguing structures both in scattered light and thermal (sub-)millimeter emission which are possibly related to planet formation processes. We study the morphology and surface brightness of the disk in scattered light to gain insight into the innermost disk regions, the formation of protoplanets, planet-disk interactions traced in the surface and midplane layers, and the dust grain properties of the disk surface. We have carried out high-contrast polarimetric differential imaging (PDI) observations with VLT/SPHERE and obtained polarized scattered light images with ZIMPOL in R- and I-band and with IRDIS in Y- and J-band. The scattered light images reveal with unprecedented angular resolution and sensitivity the spiral arms as well as the 25 au cavity of the disk. Multiple shadow features are discovered on the outer disk with one shadow only being present during the second observation epoch. A positive surface brightness gradient is observed in the stellar irradiation corrected images in southwest direction possibly due to an azimuthally asymmetric perturbation of the temperature and/or surface density by the passing spiral arms. The disk integrated polarized flux, normalized to the stellar flux, shows a positive trend towards longer wavelengths which we attribute to large aggregate dust grains in the disk surface. Part of the the non-azimuthal polarization signal in the Uphi image of the J-band observation could be the result of multiple scattering in the disk. The detected shadow features and their possible variability have the potential to provide insight into the structure of and processes occurring in the innermost disk regions.

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