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arXiv 1602.09088cs.GT
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给予或不给予:对单一思想估值的公平划分

To Give or Not to Give: Fair Division for Single Minded Valuations

Simina Brânzei, Yuezhou Lv, Ruta Mehta

摘要:

专一的代理人有严格的偏好,只有满足特定需求的捆绑包才是可接受的。这种偏好在诸如在用户之间分配计算资源的场景中自然出现,其中目标是公平地服务尽可能多的请求。在本文中,我们研究的公平分工问题,这是很难处理,由于不连续性和互补性的偏好。我们的解决方案概念-平等收入的竞争性分配(CAEI)-是从市场均衡中得到启发,并通过定价机制实现公平的结果。我们研究了多个可分商品,蛋糕切割和多个离散商品的CAEI的存在性和计算。对于前两种情况下,我们表明,存在的CAEI解决方案是有保证的,而对于第三种情况下,我们给出了一个简洁的表征的情况下,承认这个解决方案,然后我们给出了一个有效的算法,找到一个在所有三种情况下。最大化社会福利原来是NP-难的一般情况下,但我们得到有效的算法(一)可分割和离散的商品时,不同的\emph{types}的球员的数量是一个常数,(二)蛋糕切连续的需求,我们建立了一个有趣的连接与间隔调度,和(三)蛋糕切一个恒定数量的球员任意的需求。我们的解决方案是有用的更普遍的,当玩家有一个目标集的期望货物,和非常小的积极价值的任何捆绑不包含他们的目标集。

英文摘要:

Single minded agents have strict preferences, in which a bundle is acceptable only if it meets a certain demand. Such preferences arise naturally in scenarios such as allocating computational resources among users, where the goal is to fairly serve as many requests as possible. In this paper we study the fair division problem for such agents, which is harder to handle due to discontinuity and complementarities of the preferences. Our solution concept---the competitive allocation from equal incomes (CAEI)---is inspired from market equilibria and implements fair outcomes through a pricing mechanism. We study the existence and computation of CAEI for multiple divisible goods, cake cutting, and multiple discrete goods. For the first two scenarios we show that existence of CAEI solutions is guaranteed, while for the third we give a succinct characterization of instances that admit this solution; then we give an efficient algorithm to find one in all three cases. Maximizing social welfare turns out to be NP-hard in general, however we obtain efficient algorithms for (i) divisible and discrete goods when the number of different \emph{types} of players is a constant, (ii) cake cutting with contiguous demands, for which we establish an interesting connection with interval scheduling, and (iii) cake cutting with a constant number of players with arbitrary demands. Our solution is useful more generally, when the players have a target set of desired goods, and very small positive values for any bundle not containing their target set.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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