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arXiv 1601.07693cond-mat.mes-hall
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纳米级高速摩擦成像

Imaging high-speed friction at the nanometer scale

Per-Anders Thorén, Astrid S. de Wijn, Riccardo Borgani, Daniel Forchheimer, David B. Haviland

摘要:

摩擦是一种复杂的现象,涉及不同长度和时间尺度的非线性动力学[1,2]。摩擦的微观起源知之甚少,部分原因是缺乏测量纳米级粗糙体以cm/s的速度滑动时的力的方法。[3,4]尽管实验技术取得了巨大的进步[5],但这种小长度尺度和高速度的结合仍然是虚幻的。在这里,我们提出了一种技术,用于快速测量的摩擦力在一个单一的粗糙(AFM针尖)的速度范围从零到几厘米/秒。在每个图像像素处,我们获得了保守力和耗散力的速度依赖性,揭示了从粘滑到平滑滑动摩擦的过渡[1,6]。我们解释测量石墨使用修改后的普朗特-汤姆林森模型,考虑到阻尼弹性形变的粗糙。该方法大大提高了摩擦力的灵敏度,滑动幅度很小,可以快速、详细地绘制出摩擦力随速度变化的表面,空间分辨率小于10 nm。

英文摘要:

Friction is a complicated phenomenon involving nonlinear dynamics at different length and time scales[1, 2]. The microscopic origin of friction is poorly understood, due in part to a lack of methods for measuring the force on a nanometer-scale asperity sliding at velocity of the order of cm/s.[3, 4] Despite enormous advance in experimental techniques[5], this combination of small length scale and high velocity remained illusive. Here we present a technique for rapidly measuring the frictional forces on a single asperity (an AFM tip) over a velocity range from zero to several cm/s. At each image pixel we obtain the velocity dependence of both conservative and dissipative forces, revealing the transition from stick-slip to a smooth sliding friction[1, 6]. We explain measurements on graphite using a modified Prandtl-Tomlinson model that takes into account the damped elastic deformation of the asperity. With its greatly improved force sensitivity and very small sliding amplitude, our method enables rapid and detailed surface mapping of the full velocity-dependence of frictional forces with less than 10~nm spatial resolution.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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