Fahad AlGhannam, Philip Hemmer, Zeyang Liao, M. Suhail Zubairy
We propose an approach for super-resolution optical lithography which is based on the inverse of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The technique uses atomic coherence in an ensemble of spin systems whose final state population can be optically detected. In principle, our method is capable of producing arbitrary one and two dimensional high-resolution patterns with high contrast.
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SiMOS quantum-dot spin qubits enabled by extreme-ultraviolet lithography
研究旨在实现与先进半导体制造技术兼容的硅自旋量子比特，采用极紫外光刻制造硅金属氧化物半导体自旋量子比特，通过实验得到高保真度及可再现的交换开启特性，确立了极紫外光刻用于量子处理器制造的可行性。
Sub-nanoscale Resolution for Atom Localization, Lithography and Microscopy via Coherent Population Trapping
我们提出了一种基于相干布居捕获的方案，以获得亚纳米级的原子局域化，显微镜和光刻分辨率。我们的方法采用三能级原子耦合到振幅调制的探测场和空间相关的驱动场。探测场的调制使我们能够利用通常与电磁感应透明相关的陡峭色散，并提供了一种仅使用光场实现亚纳米分辨率的途径。我们说明了该技术的应用领域的显微镜和光刻，并显示如何多级计划提供进一步提高分辨率的可能性。
Achieving atomic resolution is the ultimate limit of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and attaining this capability offers enormous technological and scientific opportunities, from drug development to understanding the dynamics in interacting quantum systems. In this work, we present a new approach to nanoMRI utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance diffraction (NMRd) -- a method that extends NMR imaging to probe the structure of periodic spin systems. The realization of NMRd on the atomic scale would create a powerful new methodology for materials characterization utilizing the spectroscopic cap…
Sub-nanometer resolution in three-dimensional magnetic-resonance imaging of individual dark spins
磁共振成像（MRI）通过提供非侵入性三维生物成像而彻底改变了生物医学科学。然而，常规MRI系统中的空间分辨率限于数十微米，这不足以在分子和原子尺度上成像。在这里，我们展示了一种MRI技术，提供了亚纳米空间分辨率在三维空间，与单电子自旋灵敏度。我们的成像方法在环境条件下工作，可以测量无处不在的“暗”自旋，这构成了几乎所有感兴趣的自旋目标，否则无法单独检测。在这项技术中，使用位于金刚石芯片表面附近的单个氮空位（NV）磁力计测量暗自旋的磁量子投影噪声。NV磁力计周围的自旋的空间分布用扫描磁场梯度成像。为了评估NV-MRI技术的性能，我们在金刚石表面及其下方对暗电子自旋的三维景观进行成像，并实现了前所未有的分辨率（横向0.8 nm，垂直1.5 nm）和单自旋灵敏度的组合。我们的测量揭示了金刚石表面上先前未识别的电子自旋，这可能被用作改善NV金刚石传感器附近样品磁成像的资源。这种三维NV-MRI技术可立即应用于各种系统，包括自旋链成像，单个自旋量子位的读出，以及确定生物系统中自旋标签的精确位置。
Three-dimensional magnetic resonance tomography with sub-10 nanometer resolution
本文利用光刻微线产生三维磁场梯度，结合傅里叶加速磁共振断层成像和压缩感知方案，实现了对金刚石中NV中心低至5.99 nm分辨率的三维成像，为三维结构分析开辟了新途径。
We demonstrate a method of magnetic resonance imaging with single nuclear-spin sensitivity under ambient conditions. It employs a network of isolated electronic-spin quantum bits (qubits) that act as quantum reporters on the surface of high purity diamond. The reporter spins are localized with nanometer-scale uncertainty, and their quantum state is coherently manipulated and measured optically via a proximal nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center located a few nanometers below the diamond surface. The quantum reporter network is then used for sensing, coherent coupling and imaging individual proto…
Single spin stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy
我们的实验表明，通过结合光学显微镜和自旋共振技术的单量子发射器的精确寻址。为此，我们利用氮空位（NV）的颜色中心的钻石限制在几十纳米的单独可分辨的量子系统。通过开发一个随机光学重建显微镜（STORM）技术的NV中心，我们能够同时进行子衍射极限成像和光学检测的自旋共振（ODMR）测量NV自旋。这允许以纳米级分辨率将自旋共振光谱分配给各个NV中心位置，从而进一步提高空间分辨力。例如，我们通过光谱分辨了以前无法区分的发射体。此外，ODMR光谱包含计量信息，其允许例如具有固有并行数据采集的磁场或电场的亚衍射极限感测。作为一个例子，我们已经检测到纳米级精度的核自旋。最后，我们展望了这种技术如何发展成为一个完全并行的量子传感器，用于离域量子关联的纳米分辨率成像。
We propose a quantum mechanical method of constraining non-Newtonian gravity at the nanometer range. In this method, a hybrid electro-optomechanical system is employed. Applying a strong driving field, we can obtain normal mode splitting of the electromechanical subsystem which is related to the resonance frequency of the mechanical oscillator. Moreover, we investigate the relationship between the variance of normal mode splitting and the resonance frequency shift induced by the gradient of exotic forces provided that our system is operated at critical points. Furthermore, via suppressing the …
Nanometer-scale spatial modulation of an inter-atomic interaction in a Bose-Einstein condensate
我们演示了镱（Yb）的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中原子间相互作用的纳米尺度空间控制。在光学费什巴赫共振附近调谐的脉冲光学驻波跨越驻波图案连续地改变s波散射长度。通过飞行时间图像中的衍射图案监测具有每278 nm的空间周期的调制平均场能量。我们观察到高达160 nm的宽散射长度控制。所展示的散射长度的空间调制证明了原子相互作用的高分辨率控制是可能的。
Quantum sensing based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond has been developed as a powerful tool for microscopic magnetic resonance. However, the reported sensor-to-sample distance is limited within tens of nanometers because the signal of spin fluctuation decreases cubically with the increasing distance. Here we extend the sensing distance to tens of micrometers by detecting spin polarization rather than spin fluctuation. We detected the mesoscopic magnetic resonance spectra of polarized electrons of a pentacene-doped crystal, measured its two typical decay times and observed the optic…
Detecting and polarizing nuclear spins with double resonance on a single electron spin
本文报道了在室温下用单氮空位心探测金刚石中的核自旋及其极化。我们使用Hartmann-Hahn双共振相干增强来自单个核自旋的信号，同时与噪声自旋浴解耦，否则会限制检测灵敏度。作为原理证明，我们：（I）观察NV中心和弱耦合核自旋之间的相干振荡，（II）演示核浴冷却，其使NV传感器的相干时间增加五倍以上。我们的研究结果提供了一种途径，纳米尺度的磁共振成像，和新的量子信息处理协议。
Water is the most important solvent in nature. It is a crucial issue to study interactions among water molecules. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful tools to detect magnetic interactions for the structure analysis of a molecule with broad applications. But conventional NMR spectroscopy requires macroscopic sample quantities with hampers in investigating nanoscale structures. Through quantum control of a single spin quantum sensor, magnetic resonance spectroscopy of nanoscale organic molecules and single molecules has been achieved. However, the measuremen…
Atom localization enables a high-precision imaging of the atomic position, which has provided vast applications in fundamental and applied science. In the present work, we propose a scheme for realizing two-dimensional off-axis atom localization in a three-level Lambda-type system. Benefiting from the use of a hybrid coupling field which consists of one Gaussian beam and one Laguerre-Gaussian beam, our scheme shows that the atoms can be localized at arbitrary position with a high spatial resolution. Taking account of realistic experimental parameters, our numerical simulation predicts that the…
We demonstrate nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of picoliter-volume solutions with a nanostructured diamond chip. Using optical interferometric lithography, diamond surfaces were nanostructured with dense, high-aspect-ratio nanogratings, enhancing the surface area by more than a factor of 15 over mm^2 regions of the chip. The nanograting sidewalls were doped with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers so that more than 10 million NV centers in a (25 micrometer)^2 laser spot are located close enough to the diamond surface (5 nm) to detect the NMR spectrum of 1 pL of fluid lying within adjac…
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive and label-free technique widely used in medical diagnosis and life science research, and its success has benefited greatly from continuing efforts on enhancing contrast and resolution. Here we reported nanoscale MRI in a single cell using an atomic-size quantum sensor. With nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, the intracellular protein ferritin has been imaged with a spatial resolution of ~ 10 nanometers, and ferritin-containing organelles were co-localized by correlative MRI and electron microscopy. Comparing to the current micrometer resoluti…
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