For an $R$-module $M$, projective in $σ[M]$ and satisfying ascending chain condition (ACC) on left annihilators, we introduce the concept of Goldie module. We also use the concept of semiprime module defined by Raggi et. al. in \cite{S} to give necessary and sufficient conditions for an $R$-module $M$, to be a semiprime Goldie module. This theorem is a generalization of Goldie's theorem for semiprime left Goldie rings. Moreover, we prove that $M$ is a semiprime (prime) Goldie module if and only if the ring $S=End_R(M)$ is a semiprime (prime) right Goldie ring. Also, we study the case when $M$ is a duo module.
Let $R$ be a ring, $σ$ an injective endomorphism of $R$ and $δ$ a $σ$-derivation of $R$. We prove that if $R$ is semiprime left Goldie then the same holds for the Ore extension $R[x;σ,δ]$ and both rings have the same left uniform dimension.
Given a semiprime Goldie module $M$ projective in $σ[M]$ we study decompositions on its $M$-injective hull $\hat{M}$ in terms of the minimal prime in $M$ submodules. With this, we characterize the semiprime Goldie modules in $\mathbb{Z}$-Mod and make a decomposition of the endomorphism ring of $\hat{M}$. Also, we investigate the relations among semiprime Goldie modules, $QI$-modules and co-semisimple modules extending results on left $QI$-rings and $V$-rings.
We answer in negative two of questions posed in [4]. We also establish a new characterization of semiprime left Goldie rings by showing that a semiprime ring R is left Goldie iff it is regular left fusible and has finite left Goldie dimension.
Using the concepts of prime module, semiprime module and the concept of ascending chain condition (ACC) on annihilators for an $R$-module $M$ . We prove that if \ $M$ is semiprime \ and projective in $σ\left[ M\right] $, such that $M$ satisfies ACC on annihilators, then $M$ has finitely many minimal prime submodules. Moreover if each submodule $N\subseteq M$ contains a uniform submodule, we prove that there is a bijective correspondence between a complete set of representatives of isomorphism classes of indecomposable non $M$-singular injective modules in $σ\left[ M\right] $ and the set of min…
Let A be a semprime, right noetherian ring equipped with an automorphism alpha, and let B := A[[y; alpha]] denote the corresponding skew power series ring (which is also semiprime and right noetherian). We prove that the Goldie ranks of A and B are equal. We also record applications to induced ideals.
We present two criteria for a group $G$ to satisfy the following statements: any $G$-graded gr-prime (gr-semiprime) right gr-Goldie ring admits a gr-semisimple graded right classical quotient ring. The criterion for gr-semiprime rings is that the group $G$ is periodic. Actually, the sufficiency of periodicity was proved by the author in 2011 and the necessity of it follows from the well-known counterexample (1979). The main result of the paper concerns the gr-prime case. In this case, Goodearl and Stafford proved the graded version of Goldie's Theorem for rings graded by an Abelian group (2000…
$\textbf{Theorem 1.3.}$ For a given ring $A$ with right Goldie radical $G(A_A)$, the following conditions are equivalent. $\textbf{1)}$ Every non-singular right $A$-module $X$ which is is injective with respect to some essential right ideal of the ring $A$ is an injective module. $\textbf{2)}$ $A/G(A_A)$ is a right strongly semiprime ring. $\textbf{Theorem 1.4.}$ For a given ring $A$, the following conditions are equivalent. $\textbf{1)}$ $A$ is a right strongly semiprime ring. $\textbf{2)}$ Every right $A$-module which is injective with respect to some essential right ideal of the ring $A$, i…
The concepts of localizable set, localization of a ring and a module at a localizable set are introduced and studied. Localizable sets are generalization of Ore sets and denominator sets, and the localization of a ring/module at a localizable set is a generalization of localization of a ring/module at a denominator set. For a semiprime left Goldie ring, it is proven that the set of maximal left localizable sets that contain all regular elements is equal to the set of maximal left denominator sets (and they are explicitly described). For a semiprime Goldie ring, it is proven that the following …
Every automorphism-invariant right non-singular $A$-module is injective if and only if the factor ring of the ring $A$ with respect to its right Goldie radical is a right strongly semiprime ring.
A module M is called principally Goldie*-lifting if for every proper cyclic submodule X of M, there is a direct summand D of M such that $Xβ^*D$. In this paper, we focus on principally Goldie*-lifting modules as generalizations of lifting modules. Various properties of these modules are given.
Let $R$ be an arbitrary ring with identity and $M$ a right $R$-module with $S=$ End$_R(M)$. Let $Z_2(M)$ be the second singular submodule of $M$. In this paper, we define Goldie Rickart modules by utilizing the endomorphisms of a module. The module $M$ is called Goldie Rickart if for any $f\in S$, $f^{-1}(Z_2(M))$ is a direct summand of $M$. We provide several characterizations of Goldie Rickart modules and study their properties. Also we present that semisimple rings and right $Σ$-$t$-extending rings admit some characterizations in terms of Goldie Rickart modules.
With the notion of prime submodule defined by F. Raggi et.al. we prove that the intersection of all prime submodules of a Goldie module $M$, is a nilpotent submodule provided that $M$ is retractable and $M^{(Λ)}$-projective for every index set $Λ$. This extends the well known fact that in a left Goldie ring, the prime radical is nilpotent.
We find a bound for the Goldie dimension of hereditary modules in terms of the cardinality of the generator sets of its quasi-injective hull. Several consequences are deduced. In particular, it is shown that every right hereditary module with countably generated quasi-injective hull is noetherian. Or that every right hereditary ring with finitely generated injective hull is artinian, thus answering a long standing open question posed by Dung, Gomez Pardo and Wisbauer.
It is an open question whether the smash product of a semisimple Hopf algebra and a semiprime module algebra is semiprime. In this paper we show that the smash product of a commutative semiprime module algebra over a semisimple cosemisimple Hopf algebra is semiprime. In particular we show that the central $H$-invariant elements of the Martindale ring of quotients of a module algebra form a von Neumann regular and self-injective ring whenever $A$ is semiprime. For a semiprime Goldie PI $H$-module algebra $A$ with central invariants we show that $\AH$ is semiprime if and only if the $H$-action c…
$\textbf{Theorem 1.2.}$ For a ring $A$, the following conditions are equivalent. $\textbf{1)}$ $A$ is a right automorphism-invariant right non-singular ring. $\textbf{2)}$ $A$ is a right automorphism-invariant regular ring. $\textbf{3)}$ $A=S\times T$, where $S$ is a right injective regular ring and $T$ is a strongly regular ring which contains all invertible elements of its maximal right ring of quotients. $\textbf{Theorem 1.5.}$ For a ring $A$ with right Goldie radical $G(A_A)$, the following conditions are equivalent. $\textbf{1)}$ $A/G(A_A)$ is a semiprime right Goldie ring. $\textbf{2)}$ …
Let $R$ be an associative ring with identity. A unital right $R$-module $M$ is called strongly finite dimensional if Sup$\{{\rm G.dim} (M/N) | N\leq M\} < +\infty$. Properties of strongly finite dimensional modules are explored. It is also proved that: (1)If $R$ is left $F$-injective and strongly right finite dimensional, then $R$ is left finite dimensional. (2) If $R$ is right $F$-injective, then $R$ is right finite dimensional if and only if $R$ is semilocal. Thus the Faith-Menal conjecture is true if $R$ is strongly right finite dimensional. Some known results are obtained as corollaries.
It is proved that localizations of injective $R$-modules of finite Goldie dimension are injective if $R$ is an arithmetical ring satisfying the following condition: for every maximal ideal $P$, $R_P$ is either coherent or not semicoherent. If, in addition, each finitely generated $R$-module has finite Goldie dimension, then localizations of finitely injective $R$-modules are finitely injective too. Moreover, if $R$ is a Prüfer domain of finite character, localizations of injective $R$-modules are injective.
It is proved that localizations of injective $R$-modules of finite Goldie dimension are injective if $R$ is an arithmetical ring satisfying the following condition: for every maximal ideal $P$, $R_P$ is either coherent or not semicoherent. If, in addition, each finitely generated $R$-module has finite Goldie dimension, then localizations of finitely injective $R$-modules are finitely injective too. Moreover, if $R$ is a Prüfer domain of finite character, localizations of injective $R$-modules are injective.
Dimensions like Gelfand, Krull, Goldie have an intrinsic role in the study of theory of rings and modules. They provide useful technical tools for studying their structure. In this paper we define one of the dimensions called couniserial dimension that measures how close a ring or module is to being uniform. Despite their different objectives, it turns out that there are certain common properties between the couniserial dimension and Krull dimension like each module having such a dimension contains a uniform submodule and has finite uniform dimension, among others. Like all dimensions, this is…
Let R be a ring (not necessarily with 1) and G be a finite group of automorphisms of R. The set B(R, G) of primes p such that p | |G| and R is not p-torsion free, is called the set of bad primes. When the ring is |G|-torsion free, i.e., B(R, G) is empty set, the properties of the rings R and R^G are closely connected. The aim of the paper is to show that this is also true when B(R, G) is not empty set under natural conditions on bad primes. In particular, it is shown that the Jacobson radical (resp., the prime radical) of the ring R^G is equal to the intersection of the Jacobson radical (resp.…
In this paper, we study on the primeness and semiprimeness of a Morita context related to the rings and modules. Necessary and sufficient conditions are investigated for an ideal of a Morita context to be a prime ideal and a semiprime ideal. In particular, we determine the conditions under which a Morita context is prime and semiprime.
A torsion theory is called differential (higher differential) if a derivation (higher derivation) can be extended from any module to the module of quotients corresponding to the torsion theory. We study conditions equivalent to higher differentiability of a torsion theory. It is known that the Lambek, Goldie and any perfect torsion theories are differential. We show that these classes of torsion theories are higher differential as well. Then, we study conditions under which a higher derivation extended to a right module of quotients extends also to a right module of quotients with respect to a…
We apply the theory of cotorsion pairs to study closure properties of classes of modules with finite projective dimension with respect to direct limit operations and to filtrations. We also prove that if the ring is an order in an $\aleph_0$-noetherian ring Q of small finitistic dimension 0, then the cotorsion pair generated by the modules of projective dimension at most one is of finite type if and only if Q has big finitistic dimension 0. This applies, for example, to semiprime Goldie rings and Cohen Macaulay noetherian commutative rings.
It is shown that a ring is left semihereditary if and only each homomorphic image of its injective hull as left module is FP-injective. It is also proven that a commutative ring R is reduced and arithmetical if and only if E/U if FP-injective for any FP-injective R-module E and for any submodule U of finite Goldie dimension. A characterization of commutative rings for which each module of finite Goldie dimension is of injective dimension at most one is given. Let R be a chain ring and Z its subset of zerodivisors. It is proven that E/U is FP-injective for each FP-injective R-module E and each …
We define and study the symmetric version of differential torsion theories. We prove that the symmetric versions of some of the existing results on derivations on right modules of quotients hold for derivations on symmetric modules of quotients. In particular, we prove that the symmetric Lambek, Goldie and perfect torsion theories are differential. We also study conditions under which a derivation on a right or symmetric module of quotients extends to a right or symmetric module of quotients with respect to a larger torsion theory. Using these results, we study extensions of ring derivations t…
We prove that every perfect torsion theory for a ring $R$ is differential (in the sense of [P. E. Bland, Differential torsion theory, Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 204 (2006) 1 -- 8]). In this case, we construct the extension of a derivation of a right $R$-module $M$ to a derivation of the module of quotients of $M$. Then, we prove that the Lambek and Goldie torsion theories for any $R$ are differential.
It is well-known that a ring R is semiperfect if and only if R as a left (or as a right) R-module is a supplemented module. Considering weak supplements instead of supplements we show that weakly supplemented modules M are semilocal (i.e., M/Rad(M) is semisimple) and that R is a semilocal ring if and only if R as a left (or as a right) R-module is weakly supplemented. In this context the notion of finite hollow dimension (or finite dual Goldie dimension) of modules is of interest and yields a natural interpretation of the Camps-Dicks characterization of semilocal rings. Finitely generated modu…
For an arbitrary ring $R$, the largest strong left quotient ring $Q_l^s(R)$ of $R$ and the strong left localization radical $\glsR$ are introduced and their properties are studied in detail. In particular, it is proved that $Q_l^s(Q_l^s(R))\simeq Q_l^s(R)$, $\gll^s_{R/\glsR}=0$ and a criterion is given for the ring $ Q_l^s(R)$ to be a semisimple ring. There is a canonical homomorphism from the classical left quotient ring $Q_{l, cl}(R)$ to $Q_l^s(R)$ which is not an isomorphism, in general. The objects $Q_l^s(R)$ and $\gll^s_R$ are explicitly described for several large classes of rings (semip…
It is proved, among other results, that a prime right nonsingular ring (in particular, a simple ring) $R$ is right self-injective if $R_R$ is invariant under automorphisms of its injective hull. This answers two questions raised by Singh and Srivastava, and Clark and Huynh. An example is given to show that this conclusion no longer holds when prime ring is replaced by semiprime ring in the above assumption. Also shown is that automorphism-invariant modules are precisely pseudo-injective modules, answering a recent question of Lee and Zhou. Furthermore, rings whose cyclic modules are automorphi…
Let M be a fixed left R-module. For a left R-module X, we introduce the notion of M-prime (resp. M-semiprime) submodule of X such that in the case M=R, which coincides with prime (resp. semiprime) submodule of X. Other concepts encountered in the general theory are M-m-system sets, M-n-system sets, M-prime radical and M-Baer's lower nilradical of modules. Relationships between these concepts and basic properties are established. In particular, we identify certain submodules of M, called "prime M-ideals", that play a role analogous to that of prime (two-sided) ideals in the ring R. Using this d…
We introduce a complete radical formula for modules over non-commutative rings which is the equivalence of a radical formula in the setting of modules defined over commutative rings. This gives a general frame work through which known results about modules over commutative rings that satisfy the radical formula are retrieved. Examples and properties of modules that satisfy the complete radical formula are given. For instance, it is shown that a module that satisfies the complete radical formula is completely semiprime if and only if it is a subdirect product of completely prime modules. This g…
We introduce a lattice structure as a generalization of meet-continuous lattices and quantales. We develop a point-free approach to these new lattices and apply these results to $R$-modules. In particular, we give the module counterpart of the well known result that in a commutative ring the set of semiprime ideals, that is, the set of radical ideals is a frame.
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology（萨达尔·瓦拉巴伊国家技术学院）；National Institute of Technology Nagaland（那加兰国家技术学院）；Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.)（印度理工学院（贝拿勒斯 Hindu 大学））
This paper presents the right-left symmetry of the CS and max-min CS conditions on nonsingular rings, and generalization to nonsingular modules. We prove that a ring is right nonsingular right CS and left Utumi if and only if it is left nonsingular left CS and right Utumi. A nonsingular Utumi ring is right max (resp. right min, right max-min) CS if and only if it is left min (resp. left max, left max-min) CS. In addition, a semiprime nonsingular ring is right max-min CS with finite right uniform dimension if and only if it is left max-min CS with finite left uniform dimension.
Many known results on finite von Neumann algebras are generalized, by purely algebraic proofs, to a certain class ${\mathcal C}$ of finite Baer *-rings. The results in this paper can also be viewed as a study of the properties of Baer *-rings in the class ${\mathcal C}$. First, we show that a finitely generated module over a ring from the class ${\mathcal C}$ splits as a direct sum of a finitely generated projective module and a certain torsion module. Then, we define the dimension of any module over a ring from ${\mathcal C}$ and prove that this dimension has all the nice properties of the di…
It is well known that a ring $R$ is right Kasch if each simple right $R$-module embeds in a projective right $R$-module. In this paper we study the dual notion and call a ring $R$ right dual Kasch if each simple right $R$-module is a homomorphic image of an injective right $R$-module. We prove that $R$ is right dual Kasch if and only if every finitely generated projective right $R$-module is coclosed in its injective hull. Typical examples of dual Kasch rings are self-injective rings, V-rings and commutative perfect rings. Skew group rings of dual Kasch rings by finite groups are dual Kasch if…
The left quotient ring (i.e. the left classical ring of fractions) $Q_{cl}(R)$ of a ring $R$ does not always exist and still, in general, there is no good understanding of the reason why this happens. In this paper, it is proved existence of the largest left quotient ring $Q_l(R)$, i.e. $Q_l(R) = S_0(R)^{-1}R$ where $S_0(R)$ is the largest left regular denominator set of $R$. It is proved that $Q_l(Q_l(R))=Q_l(R)$; the ring $Q_l(R)$ is semi-simple iff $Q_{cl}(R)$ exists and is semi-simple; moreover, if the ring $Q_l(R)$ is left artinian then $Q_{cl}(R)$ exists and $Q_l(R) = Q_{cl}(R)$. The gro…
