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arXiv 1601.01362cond-mat.quant-gas
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多实验室理想玻色气体BEC临界温度的普适行为

Universal behavior of the BEC critical temperature for a multislab ideal Bose gas

O. A. Rodríguez, M. A. Solís

摘要:

对于理想玻色气体在多板周期结构中的情况,讨论了气体空间分布对其玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚临界温度$T_c$的影响,以及在比热中观察到的维度交叉的起源.通过在垂直于宽度为$b$且间隔距离为$a$的板的方向上对气体施加Kronig-Penney势,并允许颗粒在其他两个方向上自由移动,来产生多板结构。我们发现,$T_c$不断减少的势垒高度的增加,成为反比的势垒高度的平方根时,它是足够大的。这种行为是{ \it universal},因为它与屏障的宽度和间距无关。定容比热随位高或势垒宽度的增加,除了与玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚有关的已知峰外,还表现出从3D到2D的交叉.这些特征是由于势垒对玻色子的捕获,并且可以通过低于势高的能带之间的能量差来表征。

英文摘要:

For an ideal Bose-gas within a multi-slab periodic structure, we discuss the effect of the spatial distribution of the gas on its Bose-Einstein condensation critical temperature $T_c$, as well as on the origin of its dimensional crossover observed in the specific heat. The multi-slabs structure is generated by applying a Kronig-Penney potential to the gas in the perpendicular direction to the slabs of width $b$ and separated by a distance $a$, and allowing the particles to move freely in the other two directions. We found that $T_c$ decreases continuously as the potential barrier height increases, becoming inversely proportional to the square root of the barrier height when it is large enough. This behavior is {\it universal} as it is independent of the width and spacing of the barriers. The specific heat at constant volume shows a crossover from 3D to 2D when the height of the potential or the barrier width increase, in addition to the well known peak related to the Bose-Einstein condensation. These features are due to the trapping of the bosons by the potential barriers, and can be characterized by the energy difference between the energy bands below the potential height.

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