旋量气体中的分步玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚
Stepwise Bose-Einstein condensation in a spinor gas
摘要：
我们观察到钠原子与自旋$F=1$的多步凝聚，其中不同的塞曼组分$m_F=0,\pm 1$随着温度的降低而依次凝聚。精确的序列根据磁化强度$m_z$和所施加磁场中的二次塞曼能量$q$（QZE）而急剧变化。对于大QZE，相图的整体结构与理想自旋1气体相同，尽管相边界的精确位置因相互作用而显著移动。对于小QZE，反铁磁相互作用定性地改变了相对于理想情况的相图，例如导致$m_F=\pm 1$中的冷凝，这是一种对于具有$q>0$的理想气体不可能发生的现象。
英文摘要：
We observe multi-step condensation of sodium atoms with spin $F=1$, where the different Zeeman components $m_F=0,\pm 1$ condense sequentially as the temperature decreases. The precise sequence changes drastically depending on the magnetization $m_z$ and on the quadratic Zeeman energy $q$ (QZE) in an applied magnetic field. For large QZE, the overall structure of the phase diagram is the same as for an ideal spin 1 gas, although the precise locations of the phase boundaries are significantly shifted by interactions. For small QZE, antiferromagnetic interactions qualitatively change the phase diagram with respect to the ideal case, leading for instance to condensation in $m_F=\pm 1$, a phenomenon that cannot occur for an ideal gas with $q>0$.
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