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arXiv 1510.06348astro-ph.HE
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X射线气体流揭示了恒星被大质量黑洞破坏的过程

Flows of X-ray gas reveal the disruption of a star by a massive black hole

Jon M. Miller, Jelle S. Kaastra, M. Coleman Miller, Mark T. Reynolds, Gregory Brown, S. Bradley Cenko, Jeremy J. Drake, Suvi Gezari, James Guillochon, Kayhan Gu… 展开作者

Jon M. Miller, Jelle S. Kaastra, M. Coleman Miller, Mark T. Reynolds, Gregory Brown, S. Bradley Cenko, Jeremy J. Drake, Suvi Gezari, James Guillochon, Kayhan Gultekin, Jimmy Irwin, Andrew Levan, Dipankar Maitra, W. Peter Maksym, Richard Mushotzky, Paul O'Brien, Frits Paerels, Jelle de Plaa, Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz, Tod Strohmayer, Nial Tanvir

摘要:

靠近大质量黑洞的潮汐力可以猛烈地扰乱靠近的恒星。这些极端事件是通过银河系中心明亮的X射线和光学/紫外线耀斑发现的。以前的研究的基础上建模衰减通量的趋势已经能够估计广泛的属性,如质量吸积率。在这里,我们报告的高分辨率X射线光谱附近的潮汐破裂事件的高电离X射线气体流的检测。在吸收占主导地位的光谱的变化表明,气体是相对接近的黑洞。窄线宽表示气体不会在大范围的半径上伸展,从而给出低的体积填充因子。观测到的外流速度为每秒几百公里,明显低于由变率设定的半径逃逸速度。气体流与新生吸积盘内部超爱丁顿区的旋转风一致,或者与椭圆轨道远心附近的分裂恒星气体丝一致。这种流动是由基本的分析理论和最近的数值模拟预测的。

英文摘要:

Tidal forces close to massive black holes can violently disrupt stars that make a close approach. These extreme events are discovered via bright X-ray and optical/UV flares in galactic centers. Prior studies based on modeling decaying flux trends have been able to estimate broad properties, such as the mass accretion rate. Here we report the detection of flows of highly ionized X-ray gas in high-resolution X-ray spectra of a nearby tidal disruption event. Variability within the absorption-dominated spectra indicates that the gas is relatively close to the black hole. Narrow line widths indicate that the gas does not stretch over a large range of radii, giving a low volume filling factor. Modest outflow speeds of a few hundred kilometers per second are observed, significantly below the escape speed from the radius set by variability. The gas flow is consistent with a rotating wind from the inner, super-Eddington region of a nascent accretion disk, or with a filament of disrupted stellar gas near to the apocenter of an elliptical orbit. Flows of this sort are predicted by fundamental analytical theory and more recent numerical simulations.

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