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arXiv 1509.02192astro-ph.HE
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磁重联产生的GRB光变曲线的性质

Properties of GRB Lightcurves from Magnetic Reconnection

Paz Beniamini, Jonathan Granot

摘要:

伽玛射线暴(GRB)外流中的能量耗散机制,驱动其极其明亮的$γ$ -射线发射仍然是不确定的。主要的候选者是内部冲击和磁重联。虽然来自内部冲击的辐射已经被广泛研究,但来自重联的辐射仍然很少有定量预测。我们研究了预期的磁重联辐射,并比较其时间和光谱特性的观测。与内部激波的主要区别在于,对于重联,人们期望相对论性的整体运动,在喷流的整体坐标系中有几个洛伦兹因子$Γ'\gtrsim\;$。我们考虑这种运动的发射材料在两个反平行方向(例如重连磁场线)内的超相对论(与$Γ\gg1$)薄球形重连层。喷流系中的发射相对论性光束极大地影响了光变曲线。对于半径为$R_0<R<R_0+ΔR$的发射(具有$Γ=\rm{const}$),观察到的脉冲宽度为$ΔT\sim(R_0/2cΓ^2)\max(1/Γ',\,ΔR/R_0)$,即,比喷流坐标系中的各向同性发射短$\simΓ'$倍。我们考虑两种可能的磁重联模式:一个准稳态与连续的等离子体流入和流出的重联层,和零星的重联在相对论湍流,产生相对论等离子体团。这两种模式都可以解释许多观测到的伽马射线暴特性:可变性、脉冲不对称性、脉冲末端的快速衰减以及脉冲的软硬变化(对于$Γ'\lesssim2$)或强度跟踪(对于$Γ'>2$)。然而,相对论湍流模式更可能是相关的即时亚MeV的发射,并可以自然地占峰值亮度$\,$ - $\,$峰值频率相关性。

英文摘要:

The energy dissipation mechanism within Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) outflows, driving their extremely luminous prompt $γ$-ray emission is still uncertain. The leading candidates are internal shocks and magnetic reconnection. While the emission from internal shocks has been extensively studied, that from reconnection still has few quantitative predictions. We study the expected prompt-GRB emission from magnetic reconnection and compare its temporal and spectral properties to observations. The main difference from internal shocks is that for reconnection one expects relativistic bulk motions with Lorentz factors $Γ'\gtrsim\;$a few in the jet's bulk frame. We consider such motions of the emitting material in two anti-parallel directions (e.g. of the reconnecting magnetic-field lines) within an ultra-relativistic (with $Γ\gg1$) thin spherical reconnection layer. The emission's relativistic beaming in the jet's frame greatly affects the light-curves. For emission at radii $R_0<R<R_0+ΔR$ (with $Γ=\rm{const}$) the observed pulse width is $ΔT\sim(R_0/2cΓ^2)\max(1/Γ',\,ΔR/R_0)$, i.e. up to $\simΓ'$ times shorter than for isotropic emission in the jet's frame. We consider two possible magnetic reconnection modes: a quasi steady-state with continuous plasma flow into and out of the reconnection layer, and sporadic reconnection in relativistic turbulence that produces relativistic plasmoids. Both of these modes can account for many observed prompt-GRB properties: variability, pulse asymmetry, the very rapid declines at their end, and pulse evolutions that are either hard to soft (for $Γ'\lesssim2$) or intensity tracking (for $Γ'>2$). However, the relativistic turbulence mode is more likely to be relevant for the prompt sub-MeV emission and can naturally account also for the peak luminosity$\,$--$\,$peak frequency correlation.

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