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arXiv 0902.2396astro-ph.HE
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伽马射线暴的动力学和余辉辐射。I.恒定密度介质

The Dynamics and Afterglow Radiation of Gamma-Ray Bursts. I. Constant Density Medium

Weiqun Zhang, Andrew MacFadyen

摘要:

直接多维数值模拟是计算伽马射线暴(GRB)中相对论喷流的流体动力学和观测特征的最可靠的方法。本文采用五阶加权基本无振荡格式和自适应网格加密方法,对余辉期的GRB外流进行了二维相对论流体动力学模拟。最初,射流的洛伦兹因子为20。我们跟踪了它长达150年的演变。利用流体动力学数据,我们计算了基于标准余辉模型的同步辐射,并与以前的分析工作进行了比较。我们发现相对论伽玛暴喷注的侧向膨胀是一个非常缓慢的过程,以前的分析工作高估了它的速率。在我们计算的光变曲线中,可以看到一个非常尖锐的喷流中断,并且中断后的光变曲线比分析预测更陡。我们发现,当观测到喷注边缘时,喷注中断主要是由于漏流造成的。在Blandford-McKee阶段结束时,外流变得非相对论性。但它仍然是高度非球形的,并且需要相当长的时间才能成为球形的Sedov-von Neumann-Taylor冲击波。我们发现,随着时间的推移,后期余辉变得越来越平坦。但是我们不同意通常的观点,即由于过渡到Sedov-von Neumann-Taylor解,光变曲线突然变平。我们还发现,由于反向喷流的辐射,在很晚的时候($\sim 1000$天),光变曲线会有一个凸起。我们推测,这种反向喷流撞击可能已经在GRB 980703中观察到了。

英文摘要:

Direct multi-dimensional numerical simulation is the most reliable approach for calculating the fluid dynamics and observational signatures of relativistic jets in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We present a two-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic simulation of a GRB outflow during the afterglow phase, which uses the fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme and adaptive mesh refinement. Initially, the jet has a Lorentz factor of 20. We have followed its evolution up to 150 years. Using the hydrodynamic data, we calculate synchrotron radiation based upon standard afterglow models and compare our results with previous analytic work. We find that the sideways expansion of a relativistic GRB jet is a very slow process and previous analytic works have overestimated its rate. In our computed lightcurves, a very sharp jet break is seen and the post-break lightcurves are steeper than analytic predictions. We find that the jet break in GRB afterglow lightcurves is mainly caused by the missing flux when the edge of the jet is observed. The outflow becomes nonrelativistic at the end of the Blandford-McKee phase. But it is still highly nonspherical, and it takes a rather long time for it to become a spherical Sedov-von Neumann-Taylor blast wave. We find that the late-time afterglows become increasingly flatter over time. But we disagree with the common notion that there is a sudden flattening in lightcurves due to the transition into the Sedov-von Neumann-Taylor solution. We have also found that there is a bump in lightcurves at very late times ($\sim 1000$ days) due to radiation from the counter jet. We speculate that such a counter jet bump might have already been observed in GRB 980703.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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