arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1503.05988cs.GT
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概率贝叶斯说服

Algorithmic Bayesian Persuasion

Shaddin Dughmi, Haifeng Xu

摘要:

说服,被定义为利用信息优势来影响他人决策的行为,无处不在。事实上,据估计,说服性沟通几乎占美国所有经济活动的三分之一。本文通过计算的视角来审视说服力,重点关注该领域最基本和最根本的模型:卡梅尼卡和根茨科著名的贝叶斯说服模型。这里有两个参与者,一个发送者和一个接收者。接收者必须采取一系列行动中的一个,而这些行动的收益是先验未知的,而发送者可以获得关于这些收益的额外信息。发送者可以承诺揭示一个关于各种行为的收益实现的噪声信号,并且希望这样做以最大化她自己的收益,假设一个完全理性的接收者。我们研究了发送者的优化任务,在三个最自然的输入模型,这个问题,并基本上钉在每个计算复杂性。当不同行动的收益分布是独立同分布时。并明确给出,我们展示了一个多项式时间(精确)算法,和一个“简单的”$(1-1/e)$ -近似算法。我们的i.i.d.设置涉及到一个类比拍卖理论,并利用边界的表征空间的减少形式的单一项目拍卖。当行动支付是独立的,但不相同的边际分布明确给出,我们证明了它是P-困难的计算最优期望发送者效用。最后,我们考虑了一个一般的(可能相关的)联合分布的行动支付的黑盒抽样预言,并展示了一个完全多项式时间近似方案(FPTAS)的双标准保证。我们表明,这一结果是最好的可能在黑箱模型的信息理论的原因。

英文摘要:

Persuasion, defined as the act of exploiting an informational advantage in order to effect the decisions of others, is ubiquitous. Indeed, persuasive communication has been estimated to account for almost a third of all economic activity in the US. This paper examines persuasion through a computational lens, focusing on what is perhaps the most basic and fundamental model in this space: the celebrated Bayesian persuasion model of Kamenica and Gentzkow. Here there are two players, a sender and a receiver. The receiver must take one of a number of actions with a-priori unknown payoff, and the sender has access to additional information regarding the payoffs. The sender can commit to revealing a noisy signal regarding the realization of the payoffs of various actions, and would like to do so as to maximize her own payoff assuming a perfectly rational receiver. We examine the sender's optimization task in three of the most natural input models for this problem, and essentially pin down its computational complexity in each. When the payoff distributions of the different actions are i.i.d. and given explicitly, we exhibit a polynomial-time (exact) algorithm, and a "simple" $(1-1/e)$-approximation algorithm. Our optimal scheme for the i.i.d. setting involves an analogy to auction theory, and makes use of Border's characterization of the space of reduced-forms for single-item auctions. When action payoffs are independent but non-identical with marginal distributions given explicitly, we show that it is #P-hard to compute the optimal expected sender utility. Finally, we consider a general (possibly correlated) joint distribution of action payoffs presented by a black box sampling oracle, and exhibit a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme (FPTAS) with a bi-criteria guarantee. We show that this result is the best possible in the black-box model for information-theoretic reasons.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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