We investigate the validity of the Cosmological Principle by mapping the cosmological parameters $H_0$ and $q_0$ through the celestial sphere. In our analysis, performed in a low-redshift regime to follow a model-independent approach, we use two compilations of type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia), namely the Union2.1 and the JLA datasets. Firstly, we show that the angular distributions for both SNe Ia datasets are statistically anisotropic at high confidence level ($p$-value $<$ 0.0001), in particular the JLA sample. Then we find that the cosmic expansion and acceleration are mainly of dipolar type, with maximal anisotropic expansion [acceleration] pointing towards $(l,b) \simeq (326^{\circ},12^{\circ})$ [$(l,b) \simeq (174^{\circ},27^{\circ})$], and $(l,b) \simeq (58^{\circ},-60^{\circ})$ [$(l,b) \simeq (225^{\circ},51^{\circ})$] for the Union2.1 and JLA data, respectively. Secondly, we use a geometrical method to test the hypothesis that the non-uniformly distributed SNe Ia events could introduce anisotropic imprints on the cosmological expansion and acceleration. For the JLA compilation, we found significant correlations between the celestial distribution of data points and the directional studies of $H_0$ and $q_0$, suggesting that these results can be attributed to the intrinsic anisotropy of the sample. In the case of the Union2.1 data, nonetheless, these correlations are less pronounced, and we verify that the dipole asymmetry found in the $H_0$ analyses coincides with the well-known bulk-flow motion of our local group. From these analyses, we conclude that the directional asymmetry on the cosmological parameters maps are mainly either of local origin or due to celestial incompleteness of current SNe Ia samples.
We probe the possible anisotropy of the Universe by using the JLA compilation of type-Ia supernovae. We apply the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to constrain the amplitude and direction of anisotropy in three cosmological models. For the dipole-modulated $Λ$CDM model, the anisotropic amplitude is consistent with zero at $68\%$ C.L., and has an upper bound $A_D<1.98\times10^{-3}$ at $95\%$ C.L. Regardless of much larger uncertainty, we find the dipole direction of JLA is amazingly opposite to that of Union2. Similar results are found for the dipole-modulated $w$CDM and CPL models. Thus,…
We analyze the magnitude-redshift data of type Ia supernovae included in the Union and Union2 compilations in the framework of an anisotropic Bianchi type I cosmological model and in the presence of a dark energy fluid with anisotropic equation of state. We find that the amount of deviation from isotropy of the equation of state of dark energy, the skewness δ, and the present level of anisotropy of the large-scale geometry of the Universe, the actual shear Σ_0, are constrained in the ranges -0.16 < δ< 0.12 and -0.012 < Σ_0 < 0.012 (1σC.L.) by Union2 data. Supernova data are then compatible wit…
We probe the statistical isotropy hypothesis of the large-scale structure with the second Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich (PSZ2) galaxy clusters data set. Our analysis adopts a statistical-geometrical method which compares the 2-point angular correlation function of objects in antipodal patches of the sky. Given possible observational biases, such as the presence of anisotropic sky cuts and the non-uniform exposure of Planck's instrumentation, ensembles of Monte Carlo realisations are produced in order to assess the significance of our results. When these observational effects are properly taken into…
The assumption of homogeneity and isotropy on large scales is one of the main hypotheses of the standard cosmological model. In this paper, we revisit a test of cosmological isotropy using type Ia supernova (SN Ia) distances provided by the latest SN Ia compilation available, namely, the Pantheon compilation. We perform a model-independent analysis by selecting low-redshift subsamples lying in two redshift intervals, i.e., z $\leq$ 0.10 and z $\leq$ 0.20. By mapping the directional asymmetry of cosmological parameters across the sky, we show that the current SN Ia data favor the hypothesis of …
The standard cosmology strongly relies upon the Cosmological Principle, which consists on the hypotheses of large scale isotropy and homogeneity of the Universe. Testing these assumptions is, therefore, crucial to determining if there are deviations from the standard cosmological paradigm. In this paper, we use the latest type Ia supernova compilations, namely JLA and Union2.1 to test the cosmological isotropy at low redshift ranges ($z<0.1$). This is performed through a Bayesian selection analysis, in which we compare the standard, isotropic model, with another one including a dipole correcti…
In this paper, we study an anisotropic universe model with Bianchi-I metric using Joint Light-curve Analysis (JLA) sample of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Because light-curve parameters of SNe Ia vary with different cosmological models and SNe Ia samples, we fit the SNe Ia light-curve parameters and cosmological parameters simultaneously employing Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. Therefore, the results on the amount of deviation from isotropy of the dark energy equation of state ($δ$), and the level of anisotropy of the large-scale geometry ($Σ_0$) at present, are totally model-independent. The…
We investigate the validity of the Cosmological Principle by constraining the cosmological parameters $H_0$ and $q_0$ through the celestial sphere. Our analyses are performed in a low-redshift regime in order to follow a model independent approach, using both Union2.1 and JLA Type Ia Supernovae (SNe) compilations. We find that the preferred direction of the $H_0$ parameter in the sky is consistent with the bulk flow motion of our local Universe in the Union2.1 case, while the $q_0$ directional analysis seem to be anti-correlated with the $H_0$ for both data sets. Furthermore, we test the consi…
We propose to study of the light speed isotropy and Lorentz invariance at Jefferson Laboratory by means of the measurements of the Compton Edge using of the Hall A/C existing experimental setup. Methodologically the same experiment has already been successfully elaborated at GRAAL experiment at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble with 6 GeV electron beam. This Proposal states two goals expected to be reached at Jefferson Laboratory, both on Lorentz invariance: (a) the one-way light speed isotropy testing accuracy, following from conservative evaluations at numerical simulat…
The statistical tests - done by the authors - are surveyed, which verify the null-hypothesis of the intrinsic randomness in the angular distribution of gamma-ray bursts collected at BATSE Catalog. The tests use the counts-in-cells method, an analysis of spherical harmonics, a test based on the two-point correlation function and a method based on multiscale methods. The tests suggest that the intermediate subclass of gamma-ray bursts are distributed anisotropically.
Recent studies have indicated that an anisotropic cosmic expansion may exist. In this paper, we use three datasets of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to probe the isotropy of cosmic acceleration. For the Union2.1 dataset, the direction and magnitude of the dipole are $(l=309.3^{\circ} {}^{+ 15.5^{\circ}}_{-15.7^{\circ}} ,\ b = -8.9^{\circ} {}^{ + 11.2^{\circ}}_{-9.8^{\circ}} ),\ A=(1.46 \pm 0.56) \times 10^{-3}$. For the Constitution dataset, the results are $(l=67.0^{\circ}{}^{+ 66.5^{\circ}}_{-66.2^{\circ}},\ b=-0.6^{\circ}{}^{+ 25.2^{\circ}}_{-26.3^{\circ}}),\ A=(4.4 \pm 5.0) \times 10^{-4}$. F…
We present a method to test the isotropy of the magnitude-redshift relation of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) and single out the most discrepant direction (in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio) with respect to the all-sky data. Our technique accounts for possible directional variations of the corrections for SNe Ia and yields all-sky maps of the best-fit cosmological parameters with arbitrary angular resolution. To show its potential, we apply our method to the recent Union2.1 compilation, building maps with three different angular resolutions. We use a Monte Carlo method to estimate the statist…
The isotropy of the late Universe is an assumption greatly used in astronomy. However, many studies have recently reported deviations from isotropy with a definitive conclusion yet to be made. New, independent methods to robustly test the cosmic isotropy are of crucial importance. In this work, we investigate the directional behavior of the X-ray luminosity-temperature ($L_X-T$) relation of galaxy clusters. A tight correlation exists between the luminosity and temperature of the X-ray-emitting intracluster medium. While the measured luminosity depends on the underlying cosmology, the temperatu…
There currently exist many observations which are not consistent with the cosmological principle. We review these observations with a particular emphasis on those relevant for Square Kilometre Array (SKA). In particular, several different data sets indicate a preferred direction pointing approximately towards the Virgo cluster. We also observe a hemispherical anisotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) temperature fluctuations. Although these inconsistencies may be attributed to systematic effects, there remains the possibility that they indicate new physics and various theo…
We propose and implement a novel, robust, and non-parametric test of statistical isotropy of the expansion of the universe, and apply it to around one thousand type Ia supernovae from the Pantheon sample. We calculate the angular clustering of supernova magnitude residuals and compare it to the noise expected under the isotropic assumption. We also test for systematic effects and demonstrate that their effects are negligible or are already accounted for in our procedure. We express our constraints as an upper limit on the rms spatial variation in the Hubble parameter at late times. For the sky…
We apply the Minkowski Tensor statistics to two dimensional slices of the three dimensional density field. The Minkowski Tensors are a set of functions that are sensitive to directionally dependent signals in the data, and furthermore can be used to quantify the mean shape of density peaks. We begin by introducing our algorithm for constructing bounding perimeters around subsets of a two dimensional field, and reviewing the definition of Minkowski Tensors. Focusing on the translational invariant statistic $W^{1,1}_{2}$ - a $2 \times 2$ matrix - we calculate its eigenvalues for both the entire …
In this article, we claim that axion-like particles (ALPs) with MeV masses can be produced with semi-relativistic velocities in core-collapse supernovae (SNe), generating a diffuse galactic flux. We show that these ALPs can be detected in neutrino water Cherenkov detectors via $a \, p \rightarrow p \, γ$ interactions. Using Super-Kamiokande data, we derive new constraints on the ALP parameter space, excluding a region spanning one order of magnitude in the ALP-proton coupling above cooling bounds for ALP masses in the range of $1-70$~MeV and ALP-proton couplings between $\sim 2\times10^{-5}-2\…
In this paper, we investigate the Ricci dark energy model with perturbations through the joint constraints of current cosmological data sets from dynamical and geometrical perspectives. We use the full cosmic microwave background information from WMAP seven-year data, the baryon acoustic oscillations from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Two Degree Galaxy Redshift Survey, and type Ia supernovae from the Union2 compilation of the Supernova Cosmology Project Collaboration. A global constraint is performed by employing the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. With the best-fitting results, we sho…
The first supernovae will soon be visible at the edge of the observable universe, revealing the birthplaces of Population III stars. With upcoming near-infrared missions, a broad analysis of the detectability of high-$z$ supernovae is paramount. We combine cosmological and radiation transport simulations, instrument specifications, and survey strategies to create synthetic observations of primeval core-collapse, Type IIn and pair-instability supernovae with the James Webb Space Telescope ($JWST$). We show that a dedicated observational campaign with the $JWST$ can detect up to $\sim 15$ pair-i…
In order to probe a possible time variation of the fine-structure constant ($α$), we propose a new method based on Strong Gravitational Lensing and Type Ia Supernovae observations. By considering a class of dilaton runaway models, where $\frac{Δα}α= - γ\ln{(1+z)}$, we obtain constraints on $\frac{Δα}α$ at the level $γ\approx 10^{-2}$ ($γ$ captures the physical properties of the model). Since the data set covers the redshift range $0.075 \leq z \leq 2.2649$, the constraints derived here provide independent bounds on a possible time variation of $α$ at low, intermediate and high redshifts.
We propose and perform a new test of the cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR), $D_L(z) / D_A(z) (1 + z)^{2} = 1$, where $D_A$ is the angular diameter distance and $D_L$ is the luminosity distance to a given source at redshift $z$, using strong gravitational lensing (SGL) and type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) data. We show that the ratio $D=D_{A_{12}}/D_{A_2}$ and $D^{*}=D_{L_{12}}/D_{L_{2}}$, where the subscripts 1 and 2 correspond, respectively, to redshifts $z_1$ and $z_2$, are linked by $D/D^*=(1+z_1)^2$ if the CDDR is valid. We allow departures from the CDDR by defining two funcions for $η(z_…
The assumption of isotropy -- that the Universe looks the same in all directions on large scales -- is fundamental to the standard cosmological model. This model forms the building blocks of essentially all of our cosmological knowledge to date. It is therefore critical to empirically test in which regimes its core assumptions hold. Anisotropies in the cosmic expansion are expected on small scales due to nonlinear structures in the late Universe, however, the extent to which these anisotropies might impact our low-redshift observations remains to be fully tested. In this paper, we use fully ge…
To probe the late evolution history of the Universe, we adopt two kinds of optimal basis systems. One of them is constructed by performing the principle component analysis (PCA) and the other is build by taking the multidimensional scaling (MDS) approach. Cosmological observables such as the luminosity distance can be decomposed into these basis systems. These basis are optimized for different kinds of cosmological models that based on different physical assumptions, even for a mixture model of them. Therefore, the so-called feature space that projected from the basis systems is cosmological m…
In this paper, we study the anisotropic expansion of the universe using type Ia supernovae Union 2.1 sample and 116 long gamma-ray bursts. The luminosity distance is expanded with model-independent cosmographic parameters as a function of $z/(1+z)$ directly. Thus the results are independent of cosmology model. We find a dipolar anisotropy in the direction ($l=309.2^\circ \pm 15.8^\circ$, $b=-8.6^\circ \pm 10.5^\circ$) in galactic coordinates with a significant evidence $97.29\%$ (more than $2~σ$). The magnitude is $(1.37\pm 0.57) \times 10^{-3}$ for the dipole, and $(2.6\pm 2.1)\times 10^{-4}$…
We present 13 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed in the restframe near-infrared (NIR) from 0.02 < z < 0.09 with the WIYN High-resolution Infrared Camera (WHIRC) on the WIYN 3.5-m telescope. With only 1-3 points per light curve and a prior on the time of maximum from the spectrum used to type the object we measure an H-band dispersion of spectroscopically normal SNe Ia of 0.164 mag. These observations continue to demonstrate the improved standard brightness of SNe Ia in H-band even with limited data. Our sample includes two SNe Ia at z ~ 0.09, which represent the most distant restframe NIR H-…
The optical and near-IR emission from some classes of supernovae (SNe), including Type IIn and possibly some super-luminous SNe, is likely powered by a collision between the SN ejecta and dense circumstellar material (CSM). We argue that for a range of CSM masses and their radii, a collisionless shock can form, allowing for efficient cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration. We show that pp collisions between these newly accelerated CRs and the CSM leads to not only gamma rays but also secondary electrons and positrons that radiate synchrotron photons in the high-frequency radio bands. Our estimates imply…
In order to assess qualitatively the ejecta geometry of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae, we investigate 98 late-time spectra of 39 objects, many of them previously unpublished. We perform a Gauss-fitting of the [O I] 6300, 6364 feature in all spectra, with the position, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and intensity of the 6300 Gaussian as free parameters, and the 6364 Gaussian added appropriately to account for the doublet nature of the [O I] feature. On the basis of the best-fit parameters, the objects are organised into morphological classes, and we conclude that at least half o…
We investigate cosmological consequences of an inflationary model which incorporates a generic seesaw extension (types I and II) of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. A non-minimal coupling between the inflaton field and the Ricci scalar is considered as well as radiative corrections at one loop order. This connection between the inflationary dynamics with neutrino physics results in a predictive model whose observational viability is investigated in light of the current cosmic microwave background data, baryon acoustic oscillation observations and type Ia supernovae measurements. Our res…
Based on Cohen \& Glashow's very special relativity [A. G. Cohen and S. L. Glashow, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 97} (2006) 021601], we propose an anisotropic modification to the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) line element. An arbitrarily oriented 1-form is introduced and the FRW spacetime becomes of the Randers-Finsler type. The 1-form picks out a privileged axis in the universe. Thus, the cosmological redshift as well as the Hubble diagram of the type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) becomes anisotropic. By directly analyzing the Union2 compilation, we obtain the privileged axis pointing to \((l,b)=({304^\…
The angular diameter distances toward galaxy clusters can be determined with measurements of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and X-ray surface brightness combined with the validity of the distance-duality relation, $D_L(z) (1 + z)^{2}/D_{A}(z) = 1$, where $D_L(z)$ and $D_A(z)$ are, respectively, the luminosity and angular diameter distances. This combination enables us to probe galaxy cluster physics or even to test the validity of the distance-duality relation itself. We explore these possibilities based on two different, but complementary approaches. Firstly, in order to constrain the possible…
We test the isotropy of the expansion of the Universe by estimating the hemispherical anisotropy of supernova type Ia (SN Ia) Hubble diagrams at low redshifts (z<0.2). We compare the best fit Hubble diagrams in pairs of hemispheres and search for the maximal asymmetric orientation. For an isotropic Universe, we expect only a small asymmetry due to noise and the presence of nearby structures. This test does not depend on the assumed content of the Universe, the assumed model of gravity, or the spatial curvature of the Universe. The expectation for possible fluctuations due to large scale struct…
The Cosmological Principle, the combined assumptions of cosmological isotropy and homogeneity, underpins the standard model of Big Bang cosmology with which we interpret astronomical observations. A new test of isotropy over the redshift range $2<z<4$ and across large angular scales on the sky is presented. We use the cosmological distribution of neutral hydrogen, as probed by the Ly$α$ forest seen towards distant quasars. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey provides the largest dataset of quasar spectra available to date. We use combined information from Data Releases 12 and 14 to select a sample of…
We probe the cosmic acceleration by using the recently released SNLS3 sample of 472 type Ia supernovae. Combining this type Ia supernovae dataset with the cosmic microwave background anisotropy data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 7-yr observations, the baryon acoustic oscillation results from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 7, and the Hubble constant measurement from the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope, we measure the dark energy equation of state $w$ and the deceleration parameter $q$ as functions of redshift by using the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder p…
We test the isotropy of the local Universe using low redshift supernova data from various catalogs and the non-parametric method of smoothed residuals. Using a recently developed catalog which combines supernova data from various surveys, we show that the isotropic hypothesis of a Universe with zero velocity perturbation can be rejected with moderate significance, with $p$-value $\sim 0.07$ out to redshift $z < 0.045$. We estimate the direction of maximal anisotropy on the sky for various pre-existing catalogs and show that it remains relatively unaffected by the light curve fitting procedure.…
We re-examine the contentious question of constraints on anisotropic expansion from Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) in the light of a novel determination of peculiar velocities, which are crucial to test isotropy with supernovae out to distances $\lesssim 200/h$ Mpc. We re-analyze the Joint Light-Curve Analysis (JLA) Supernovae (SNe) data, improving on previous treatments of peculiar velocity corrections and their uncertainties (both statistical and systematic) by adopting state-of-the-art flow models constrained independently via the 2M$++$ galaxy redshift compilation. We also introduce a novel pro…
We study cosmological constraints on metric f(R) gravity models that are designed to reproduce the LCDM expansion history with modifications to gravity described by a supplementary cosmological freedom, the Compton wavelength parameter B_0. We conduct a Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis on the parameter space, utilizing the geometrical constraints from supernovae distances, the baryon acoustic oscillation distances, and the Hubble constant, along with all of the cosmic microwave background data, including the largest scales, its correlation with galaxies, and a probe of the relation between we…
Probing cosmology with bright sirens from the CosmoDC2_BCO LSST synthetic catalog
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo（圣埃斯皮里图联邦大学）；Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia（跨机构电子天文学实验室）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所的的里雅斯特天文台）；IFPU – Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe（宇宙基础物理研究所）
Probing the Cosmological Principle with CMB lensing and cosmic shear
University of the Western Cape（西开普敦大学）；National Institute for Theoretical & Computational Sciences（理论与计算科学国家研究所）；Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, CNRS & Université de Montpellier（蒙彼利埃宇宙与粒子实验室，法国国家科学研究中心与蒙彼利埃大学）；Queen Mary University of London（伦敦玛丽女王大学）；Université de Genève（日内瓦大学）
Testing the cosmological principle on gigaparsec scales
School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学物理学院）；CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Greater Bay Area,Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学粤港澳大湾区空间站科学中心）
Type II SNe can trace star formation to probe its global metallicity distribution at low-redshift. We present oxygen and iron abundance distributions of SN II progenitor regions that avoid many previous sources of bias. Because Fe (rather than O) abundance drives the late stage evolution of the massive stars that are the progenitors of CCSNe, and because Fe enrichment lags O enrichment, we find a general conversion from O abundance to Fe abundance. The distributions we present here are the best yet standard of comparison for evaluating how rare classes of SNe depend on progenitor metallicity. …
Based on the relationship between thermodynamics and gravity we propose, with the aid of Verlinde's formalism, an alternative interpretation of the dynamical evolution of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Universe. This description takes into account the entropy and temperature intrinsic to the horizon of the universe due to the information holographically stored there through non-gaussian statistical theories proposed by Tsallis and Kaniadakis. The effect of these non-gaussian statistics in the cosmological context is change the strength of the gravitational constant. In this paper, we consider …
The Hubble law (HL) governs the low-redshift (low-z) evolution of the distance of an object. However, there is a lack of an investigation of its validity and effective radius for a long time, since the low-z background data with a high precision is scarce. The latest Type Ia supernovae sample Pantheon+ having a significant increase of low-z data provides an excellent opportunity to test the HL. We propose a generalized HL and implement the first modern test of the HL with Pantheon+. We obtain the constraint on the deviation parameter $α=1.00118\pm0.00044$, confirm the validity of linear HL wit…
A cosmological model with anisotropic dark energy is analyzed. The amount of deviation from isotropy of the equation of state of dark energy, the skewness δ, generates an anisotropization of the large-scale geometry of the Universe, quantifiable by means of the actual shear Σ_0. Requiring that the level of cosmic anisotropization at the time of decoupling is such to solve the "quadrupole problem" of cosmic microwave background radiation, we find that |δ| \sim 10^{-4} and |Σ_0| \sim 10^{-5}, compatible with existing limits derived from the magnitude-redshift data on type Ia supernovae.
Do current observational data confirm the assumptions of the cosmological principle, or is there statistical evidence for deviations from spatial homogeneity on large scales? To address these questions, we developed a flexible framework based on spherically symmetric, but radially inhomogeneous Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) models with synchronous Big Bang. We expanded the (local) matter density profile in terms of flexible interpolation schemes and orthonormal polynomials. A Monte Carlo technique in combination with recent observational data was used to systematically vary the shape of these pr…
It is well known that flat FRW metric is a special case of Bianchi type I spacetime. In this paper, we use 38 Hubble parameter, $H(z)$, measurements at intermediate redshifts $0.07\leq z\leq 2.36$ and its joint combination with the latest \textgravedbl joint light curves\textacutedbl (JLA) sample, comprised of 740 type Ia supernovae in the redshift range $z ε[0.01, 1.30]$ to constrain the parameters of Bianchi type I dark energy model. We also use the same datasets to constrain flat $Λ$CDM Model. In both cases, we specifically address the expansion rate $H_{0}$ as well as the transition redshi…
The question of the transition to global isotropy from our anisotropic local Universe is studied using the Union 2 catalogue of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). We construct a "residual" statistic sensitive to systematic shifts in their brightness in different directions and use this to search in different redshift bins for a preferred direction on the sky in which the SNe Ia are brighter or fainter relative to the 'standard' LCDM cosmology. At low redshift (z<0.05) we find that an isotropic model such as LCDM is barely consistent with the SNe Ia data at 2-3 sigma. A complementary maximum likeliho…
Probing the evolution of the universe at high redshifts with standard candles is a powerful way to discriminate dark energy models, where an open question nowadays is whether this component is constant or evolves with time. One possible source of ambiguity in this kind of analyses comes from cosmic opacity, which can mimick a dark enery behaviour. However, most tests of cosmic opacity have been restricted to the redshift range $z<2$. In this work, by using luminosity distances of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), {given the validity of the Amati relation}, and the latest $H(z)$ data we determine constr…
Cosmological inference becomes increasingly difficult when complex data-generating processes cannot be modeled by simple probability distributions. With the ever-increasing size of data sets in cosmology, there is increasing burden placed on adequate modeling; systematic errors in the model will dominate where previously these were swamped by statistical errors. For example, Gaussian distributions are an insufficient representation for errors in quantities like photometric redshifts. Likewise, it can be difficult to quantify analytically the distribution of errors that are introduced in comple…
