We propose and perform a new test of the cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR), $D_L(z) / D_A(z) (1 + z)^{2} = 1$, where $D_A$ is the angular diameter distance and $D_L$ is the luminosity distance to a given source at redshift $z$, using strong gravitational lensing (SGL) and type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) data. We show that the ratio $D=D_{A_{12}}/D_{A_2}$ and $D^{*}=D_{L_{12}}/D_{L_{2}}$, where the subscripts 1 and 2 correspond, respectively, to redshifts $z_1$ and $z_2$, are linked by $D/D^*=(1+z_1)^2$ if the CDDR is valid. We allow departures from the CDDR by defining two funcions for $η(z_1)$, which equals unity when the CDDR is valid. We find that combination of SGL and SNe Ia data favours no violation of the CDDR at 1$σ$ confidence level ($η(z) \simeq 1$), in complete agreement with other tests and reinforcing the theoretical pillars of the CDDR.
Using data from the Pantheon SN Ia compilation and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we propose an estimator for weak lensing convergence incorporating positional and photometric data of foreground galaxies. The correlation between this and the Hubble diagram residuals of the supernovae has $3.6σ$ significance, and is consistent with weak lensing magnification due to dark matter halos centered on galaxies. We additionally constrain the properties of the galactic haloes, such as the mass-to-light ratio $Γ$ and radial profile of the halo matter density $ρ(r)$. We derive a new relationship for…
We investigate how the cosmological constraints from SNe Ia are improved by including the effects of weak-lensing convergence. To do so, we introduce the lognormal function as the convergence PDF modeling the lensing scatter of SN Ia magnitude, and apply a sample selection for SNe Ia to avoid strongly lensed samples. Comparing with the contribution of other uncertainties (e.g., the intrinsic magnitude scatter), we find that the lensing effect is dominant at $z > 1$. Then forecasting the parameter constraints for the Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope survey, we show that considering the weak…
We show that peculiar velocities of Type Ia supernovae can be used to derive constraints on the sum of neutrino masses, $Σm_ν$, and dark energy equation of state, $w = w_0+w_a(1-a)$, from measurements of the magnitude-redshift relation, complementary to galaxy redshift and weak lensing surveys. Light from a supernova propagates through a perturbed Universe so the luminosity distance is modified from its homogeneous prediction. This modification is proportional to the matter density fluctuation and its time derivative due to gravitational lensing and peculiar velocity respectively. At low redsh…
The weak lensing magnification of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) is sensitive to the clustering of matter, and provides an independent cosmological probe complementary to SN Ia distance measurements. The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is uniquely sensitive to this measurement as it can discover high redshift SNe Ia and measure them with high precision. We present a methodology for reconstructing the probability distribution of the weak lensing magnification $μ$ of SNe Ia, $p(μ)$, from observational data, and using it to constrain cosmological parameters. We find that the reconstructed $p(μ)$ c…
Weak lensing of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is a systematic uncertainty in the use of SNe Ia as standard candles, as well as an independent cosmological probe, if the corresponding magnification distribution can be extracted from data. We study the peak brightness distribution of SNe Ia in the Pantheon sample, and find that the high $z$ sub-sample shows distinct weak lensing signatures compared to the low $z$ subsample: a long tail at the bright end due to high magnifications and a shift of the peak brightness toward the faint end, consistent with findings from earlier work. We have developed …
The possible time variation of the fundamental constants of nature has been an active subject of research since the large-number hypothesis was proposed by Dirac. In this paper, we propose a new method to investigate a possible time variation of the speed of light ($c$) along with the fine-structure constant ($α$) using Strong Gravitational Lensing (SGL) and Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) observations. We assume a general approach to describe the mass distribution of lens-type galaxies, the one in favor of the power-law index model (PLAW). We also consider the runaway dilaton model to describe a …
We determine the cosmic expansion rate from supernovae of type Ia to set up a data-based distance measure that does not make assumptions about the constituents of the universe, i.e. about a specific parametrisation of a Friedmann cosmological model. The scale, determined by the Hubble constant $H_0$, is the only free cosmological parameter left in the gravitational lensing formalism. We investigate to which accuracy and precision the lensing distance ratio $D$ is determined from the Pantheon sample. Inserting $D$ and its uncertainty into the lensing equations for given $H_0$, esp. the time-del…
We present measurements of $E_G$, a probe of gravity from large-scale structure, using BOSS LOWZ and CMASS spectroscopic samples, with lensing measurements from SDSS (galaxy lensing) and Planck (CMB lensing). Using SDSS lensing and the BOSS LOWZ sample, we measure $\langle{E_G}\rangle=0.40^{+0.05}_{-0.04}$ (stat), $\pm 0.026$ (systematic), consistent with the predicted value from the Planck $Λ$CDM model, $E_G=0.46$. Using CMB lensing, we measure $\langle{E_G}\rangle=0.46^{+0.08}_{-0.09}$ (stat) for LOWZ (statistically consistent with galaxy lensing and Planck predictions) and $\langle{E_G}\ran…
Recently, some divergent conclusions about cosmic acceleration were obtained using type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), with opposite assumptions on the intrinsic luminosity evolution. In this paper, we use strong gravitational lensing systems to probe the cosmic acceleration. Since the theory of strong gravitational lensing is established certainly, and the Einstein radius is determined by stable cosmic geometry. We study two cosmological models, $Λ$CDM and power-law models, through 152 strong gravitational lensing systems, incorporating with 30 Hubble parameters $H(z)$ and 11 baryon acoustic oscilla…
When Type Ia supernovae are used to infer cosmological parameters, their luminosities are compared to those from a homogeneous cosmology. In this note we propose a test to examine to what degree SN Ia have been observed on lines of sight where the average matter density is \textit{not} representative of the homogeneous background. We apply our test to the Pantheon SN Ia compilation, and find two redshift bins which indicate a moderate bias to over-density at $\sim 2σ$. We modify the Tripp estimator to explicitly de-lens SN Ia magnitudes, and show that this reduces scatter of Hubble diagram res…
Effect of gravitational magnification on the measurement of distance modulus of type Ia supernovae is presented. We investigate a correlation between magnification and Hubble residual to explore how the magnification affects the estimation of cosmological parameters. We estimate magnification of type Ia supernovae in two distinct methods: one is based on convergence mass reconstruction under the weak lensing limit and the other is based on the direct measurement from galaxies distribution. Both magnification measurements are measured from Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey catalogue. For both mea…
In order to probe a possible time variation of the fine-structure constant ($α$), we propose a new method based on Strong Gravitational Lensing and Type Ia Supernovae observations. By considering a class of dilaton runaway models, where $\frac{Δα}α= - γ\ln{(1+z)}$, we obtain constraints on $\frac{Δα}α$ at the level $γ\approx 10^{-2}$ ($γ$ captures the physical properties of the model). Since the data set covers the redshift range $0.075 \leq z \leq 2.2649$, the constraints derived here provide independent bounds on a possible time variation of $α$ at low, intermediate and high redshifts.
We use high-precision combined strong/weak lensing and kinematics measurements of the total mass profiles of the observed galaxy clusters MACS~J1206.2-0847 and Abell~S1063, to constrain the relativistic sector of the general DHOST dark energy theories, which exhibit a partial breaking of the so called Vainsthein screening mechanism, on the linear level of scalar fluctuations around a cosmological background. In particular, by using the \textsc{MG-MAMMPOSSt} framework developed in Pizzuti et al. 2021, for the kinematics analysis of member galaxies in clusters along with lensing mass profile rec…
Double source lensing, with two sources lensed by the same foreground galaxy, involves the distance between each source and the lens and hence is a probe of the universe away from the observer. The double source distance ratio also reduces sensitivity to the lens model and has good complementarity with standard distance probes. We show that using this technique at high redshifts $z>1$, to be enabled by data from the Euclid satellite and other surveys, can give insights on dark energy, both in terms of $w_0$-$w_a$ and redshift binned density. We find a dark energy figure of merit of 245 from co…
We report non-zero weak lensing convergence correlation signal of Type-Ia supernovae from 5-year Supernovae Legacy Survey data. For our analysis we utilize 296 supernovae magnification data from 5-year SNLS in the weak lensing limit. The data we use consists of measurements from four different patches, each covering 1 square degree of the sky, merged together. We demonstrate that it is possible to have a very good estimate of the two point correlation function from this data using internal error estimate technique. In order to have a good estimate of the corresponding covariance matrix we appl…
Probing the Cosmological Principle with CMB lensing and cosmic shear
University of the Western Cape（西开普敦大学）；National Institute for Theoretical & Computational Sciences（理论与计算科学国家研究所）；Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, CNRS & Université de Montpellier（蒙彼利埃宇宙与粒子实验室，法国国家科学研究中心与蒙彼利埃大学）；Queen Mary University of London（伦敦玛丽女王大学）；Université de Genève（日内瓦大学）
Breaking the Mass-sheet Degeneracy in Time-delay Cosmology with Lensed and Unlensed Type Ia Supernovae
College of Physics, Hebei Normal University（河北师范大学物理学院）；Shijiazhuang Key Laboratory of Astronomy and Space Science, Hebei Normal University（河北师范大学石家庄天文与空间科学重点实验室）；School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University（武汉大学物理科学与技术学院）
There is a persistent $H_0$-tension, now at more than $\gtrsim 4σ$ level, between the local distance ladder value and the \emph{Planck} cosmic microwave background measurement, in the context of flat $Λ$CDM model. We reconstruct $H(z)$ in a cosmological-model-independent way using three low-redshift distance probes including the latest data from baryon acoustic oscillation, Type Ia supernova and four gravitational lensing Time-Delay observations. We adopt general parametric models of $H(z)$ and assume a Gaussian prior on the sound horizon at drag epoch, $r_{\mathrm s}$, from \emph{Planck} meas…
Strong lensing by galaxy clusters can be used to significantly expand the survey reach, thus allowing observation of magnified high-redshift supernovae that otherwise would remain undetected. Strong lensing can also provide multiple images of the galaxies that lie behind the clusters. Detection of strongly lensed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is especially useful because of their standardizable brightness, as they can be used to improve either cluster lensing models or independent measurements of cosmological parameters. The cosmological parameter, the Hubble constant, is of particular interest …
We explore the possibility of using amplitude and phase fluctuations of gravitational waves due to gravitational lensing as a probe of the small-scale matter power spectrum. The direct measurement of the small-scale matter power spectrum is made possible by making use of the frequency dependence of such gravitational lensing dispersions originating from the wave optics nature of the propagation of gravitational waves. We first study the small-scale behavior of the matter power spectrum in detail taking the so-called halo model approach including effects of baryons and subhalos. We find that th…
In this work we investigate the possibility of constraining a thawing Quintessence scalar field model for dark energy. We propose using the imprint of baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) on the cross-correlation of post-reionization 21-cm signal and galaxy weak lensing convergence field to tomographically measure the angular diameter distance $D_A(z)$ and the Hubble parameter $H(z)$. The projected errors in these quantities are then used to constrain the Quintessence model parameters. We find that independent $600$hrs radio interferometric observation at four observing frequencies $916 $MHz, $65…
Lensing without mixing: Probing baryonic acoustic oscillations and other scale-dependent features in cosmic shear surveys
Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；CEA（法国原子能和替代能源委员会）；Institut de physique théorique（理论物理研究所）；Université Paris Cité（巴黎西岱大学）；AIM（天体物理、物质与辐射研究所）
We study the cross-correlation between the Planck CMB lensing convergence map and the eBOSS quasar overdensity obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) IV, in the redshift range $0.9 < z < 2.2$. We detect the CMB lensing convergence-quasar cross power spectrum at $5.4 σ$ significance. The cross power spectrum provides a quasar clustering bias measurement that is expected to be particularly robust against systematic effects. The redshift distribution of the quasar sample has a median redshift $z \approx 1.55$, and an effective redshift about $1.51$. The best fit bias of the quasar samp…
Consistency testing for invariance of the speed of light at different redshifts: the newest results from strong lensing and type Ia supernovae observations
General relativity predicts that the rotational momentum flux of matter twists the spacetime via a vector gravitomagnetic (frame-dragging) field, which remains undetected in cosmology. This vector field induces an additional gravitational lensing effect; at the same time, the momentum field sources the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect. The common origin of these two effects allows us to probe the gravitomagnetic signal via their cross-correlations. In this paper, we explore the possibility of detecting the gravitomagnetic field in $Λ$CDM by cross-correlating the weak-lensing convergence…
We constrain the redshift dependence of gas pressure bias $\left\langle b_{y} P_{\mathrm{e}}\right\rangle$ (bias-weighted average electron pressure), which characterises the thermodynamics of intergalactic gas, through a combination of cross-correlations between galaxy positions and the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect, as well as galaxy positions and the gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The galaxy sample is from the fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS). The tSZ $y$ map and the CMB lensing map are from the {\textit{Planck}} 2015 and 2018 dat…
