The first supernovae will soon be visible at the edge of the observable universe, revealing the birthplaces of Population III stars. With upcoming near-infrared missions, a broad analysis of the detectability of high-$z$ supernovae is paramount. We combine cosmological and radiation transport simulations, instrument specifications, and survey strategies to create synthetic observations of primeval core-collapse, Type IIn and pair-instability supernovae with the James Webb Space Telescope ($JWST$). We show that a dedicated observational campaign with the $JWST$ can detect up to $\sim 15$ pair-instability explosions, $\sim 300$ core-collapse supernovae, but less than one Type IIn explosion per year, depending on the Population III star formation history. Our synthetic survey also shows that $\approx 1-2 \times10^2$ supernovae detections, depending on the accuracy of the classification, are sufficient to discriminate between a Salpeter and flat mass distribution for high redshift stars with a confidence level greater than 99.5 per cent. We discuss how the purity of the sample affects our results and how supervised learning methods may help to discriminate between CC and PI SNe.
In this paper, we investigate the Ricci dark energy model with perturbations through the joint constraints of current cosmological data sets from dynamical and geometrical perspectives. We use the full cosmic microwave background information from WMAP seven-year data, the baryon acoustic oscillations from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Two Degree Galaxy Redshift Survey, and type Ia supernovae from the Union2 compilation of the Supernova Cosmology Project Collaboration. A global constraint is performed by employing the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. With the best-fitting results, we sho…
We propose and perform a new test of the cosmic distance-duality relation (CDDR), $D_L(z) / D_A(z) (1 + z)^{2} = 1$, where $D_A$ is the angular diameter distance and $D_L$ is the luminosity distance to a given source at redshift $z$, using strong gravitational lensing (SGL) and type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) data. We show that the ratio $D=D_{A_{12}}/D_{A_2}$ and $D^{*}=D_{L_{12}}/D_{L_{2}}$, where the subscripts 1 and 2 correspond, respectively, to redshifts $z_1$ and $z_2$, are linked by $D/D^*=(1+z_1)^2$ if the CDDR is valid. We allow departures from the CDDR by defining two funcions for $η(z_…
In order to probe a possible time variation of the fine-structure constant ($α$), we propose a new method based on Strong Gravitational Lensing and Type Ia Supernovae observations. By considering a class of dilaton runaway models, where $\frac{Δα}α= - γ\ln{(1+z)}$, we obtain constraints on $\frac{Δα}α$ at the level $γ\approx 10^{-2}$ ($γ$ captures the physical properties of the model). Since the data set covers the redshift range $0.075 \leq z \leq 2.2649$, the constraints derived here provide independent bounds on a possible time variation of $α$ at low, intermediate and high redshifts.
We present 13 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed in the restframe near-infrared (NIR) from 0.02 < z < 0.09 with the WIYN High-resolution Infrared Camera (WHIRC) on the WIYN 3.5-m telescope. With only 1-3 points per light curve and a prior on the time of maximum from the spectrum used to type the object we measure an H-band dispersion of spectroscopically normal SNe Ia of 0.164 mag. These observations continue to demonstrate the improved standard brightness of SNe Ia in H-band even with limited data. Our sample includes two SNe Ia at z ~ 0.09, which represent the most distant restframe NIR H-…
In order to assess qualitatively the ejecta geometry of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae, we investigate 98 late-time spectra of 39 objects, many of them previously unpublished. We perform a Gauss-fitting of the [O I] 6300, 6364 feature in all spectra, with the position, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and intensity of the 6300 Gaussian as free parameters, and the 6364 Gaussian added appropriately to account for the doublet nature of the [O I] feature. On the basis of the best-fit parameters, the objects are organised into morphological classes, and we conclude that at least half o…
We present a method to test the isotropy of the magnitude-redshift relation of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) and single out the most discrepant direction (in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio) with respect to the all-sky data. Our technique accounts for possible directional variations of the corrections for SNe Ia and yields all-sky maps of the best-fit cosmological parameters with arbitrary angular resolution. To show its potential, we apply our method to the recent Union2.1 compilation, building maps with three different angular resolutions. We use a Monte Carlo method to estimate the statist…
In this article, we claim that axion-like particles (ALPs) with MeV masses can be produced with semi-relativistic velocities in core-collapse supernovae (SNe), generating a diffuse galactic flux. We show that these ALPs can be detected in neutrino water Cherenkov detectors via $a \, p \rightarrow p \, γ$ interactions. Using Super-Kamiokande data, we derive new constraints on the ALP parameter space, excluding a region spanning one order of magnitude in the ALP-proton coupling above cooling bounds for ALP masses in the range of $1-70$~MeV and ALP-proton couplings between $\sim 2\times10^{-5}-2\…
The angular diameter distances toward galaxy clusters can be determined with measurements of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and X-ray surface brightness combined with the validity of the distance-duality relation, $D_L(z) (1 + z)^{2}/D_{A}(z) = 1$, where $D_L(z)$ and $D_A(z)$ are, respectively, the luminosity and angular diameter distances. This combination enables us to probe galaxy cluster physics or even to test the validity of the distance-duality relation itself. We explore these possibilities based on two different, but complementary approaches. Firstly, in order to constrain the possible…
We present observational constraints on the nature of core-collapse supernovae through an investigation into their radial distributions with respect to those of young and old stellar populations within their host galaxies, as traced by H-alpha emission and R-band light respectively. We discuss results and the implications they have on the nature of supernova progenitors, for a sample of 177 core-collapse supernovae. We find that the radial positions of the overall core-collapse population closely follow the radial distribution of H-alpha emission, implying that both are excellent tracers of st…
To probe the late evolution history of the Universe, we adopt two kinds of optimal basis systems. One of them is constructed by performing the principle component analysis (PCA) and the other is build by taking the multidimensional scaling (MDS) approach. Cosmological observables such as the luminosity distance can be decomposed into these basis systems. These basis are optimized for different kinds of cosmological models that based on different physical assumptions, even for a mixture model of them. Therefore, the so-called feature space that projected from the basis systems is cosmological m…
In this paper, we study the anisotropic expansion of the universe using type Ia supernovae Union 2.1 sample and 116 long gamma-ray bursts. The luminosity distance is expanded with model-independent cosmographic parameters as a function of $z/(1+z)$ directly. Thus the results are independent of cosmology model. We find a dipolar anisotropy in the direction ($l=309.2^\circ \pm 15.8^\circ$, $b=-8.6^\circ \pm 10.5^\circ$) in galactic coordinates with a significant evidence $97.29\%$ (more than $2~σ$). The magnitude is $(1.37\pm 0.57) \times 10^{-3}$ for the dipole, and $(2.6\pm 2.1)\times 10^{-4}$…
We probe the cosmic acceleration by using the recently released SNLS3 sample of 472 type Ia supernovae. Combining this type Ia supernovae dataset with the cosmic microwave background anisotropy data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 7-yr observations, the baryon acoustic oscillation results from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 7, and the Hubble constant measurement from the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope, we measure the dark energy equation of state $w$ and the deceleration parameter $q$ as functions of redshift by using the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder p…
The optical and near-IR emission from some classes of supernovae (SNe), including Type IIn and possibly some super-luminous SNe, is likely powered by a collision between the SN ejecta and dense circumstellar material (CSM). We argue that for a range of CSM masses and their radii, a collisionless shock can form, allowing for efficient cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration. We show that pp collisions between these newly accelerated CRs and the CSM leads to not only gamma rays but also secondary electrons and positrons that radiate synchrotron photons in the high-frequency radio bands. Our estimates imply…
Thirteen explosion sites of type II-P and II-L supernovae in nearby galaxies have been observed using integral field spectroscopy, enabling both spatial and spectral study of the explosion sites. We used the properties of the parent stellar population of the coeval supernova progenitor star to derive its metallicity and initial mass (c.f. Paper I). The spectrum of the parent stellar population yields the estimates of metallicity via strong-line method, and age via comparison with simple stellar population (SSP) models. These metallicity and age parameters are adopted for the progenitor star. A…
In this paper we investigate the deceleration, jerk and snap parameters to distinguish between the dark energy and modified gravity models by using high redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and supernovae (SNe). We first derive the expressions of deceleration, jerk and snap parameters in dark energy and modified gravity models. In order to constrain the cosmographic parameters, we calibrate the GRB luminosity relations without assuming any cosmological models using SNe Ia. Then we constrain the models (including dark energy and modified gravity models) parameters using type Ia supernovae and gamma…
Probing cosmology with bright sirens from the CosmoDC2_BCO LSST synthetic catalog
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo（圣埃斯皮里图联邦大学）；Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia（跨机构电子天文学实验室）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所的的里雅斯特天文台）；IFPU – Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe（宇宙基础物理研究所）
We introduce a method for producing a galaxy sample unbiased by surface brightness and stellar mass, by selecting star-forming galaxies via the positions of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). Whilst matching $\sim$2400 supernovae from the SDSS-II Supernova Survey to their host galaxies using IAC Stripe 82 legacy coadded imaging, we find $\sim$150 previously unidentified low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs). Using a sub-sample of $\sim$900 CCSNe, we infer CCSN-rate and star-formation rate densities as a function of galaxy stellar mass, and the star-forming galaxy stellar mass function. Result…
Type II SNe can trace star formation to probe its global metallicity distribution at low-redshift. We present oxygen and iron abundance distributions of SN II progenitor regions that avoid many previous sources of bias. Because Fe (rather than O) abundance drives the late stage evolution of the massive stars that are the progenitors of CCSNe, and because Fe enrichment lags O enrichment, we find a general conversion from O abundance to Fe abundance. The distributions we present here are the best yet standard of comparison for evaluating how rare classes of SNe depend on progenitor metallicity. …
In this proceeding we present the results from a study of very high-redshift galaxies with the newly commissioned Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope. With the deepest near-infrared data ever taken, we discovered 31 galaxies at 6.3 < z < 8.6. The rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) colors of these galaxies are extremely blue, showing significant (> 4 sigma) evolution from z ~ 3, over only 1 Gyr of cosmic time. While we cannot yet diagnose the exact cause of the bluer colors, it appears a low dust content is the primary factor. The stellar masses of these galaxies are less than comparably…
We have used images and spectra of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to examine the host galaxies of 519 nearby supernovae. The colors at the sites of the explosions, as well as chemical abundances, and specific star formation rates of the host galaxies provide circumstantial evidence on the origin of each supernova type. We examine separately SN II, SN IIn, SN IIb, SN Ib, SN Ic, and SN Ic with broad lines (SN Ic-BL). For host galaxies that have multiple spectroscopic fibers, we select the fiber with host radial offset most similar to that of the SN. Type Ic SN explode at small host offsets, and th…
Empirically, Type Ia supernovae are the most useful, precise, and mature tools for determining astronomical distances. Acting as calibrated candles they revealed the presence of dark energy and are being used to measure its properties. However, the nature of the SN Ia explosion, and the progenitors involved, have remained elusive, even after seven decades of research. But now new large surveys are bringing about a paradigm shift --- we can finally compare samples of hundreds of supernovae to isolate critical variables. As a result of this, and advances in modeling, breakthroughs in understandi…
Prior to explosion, a supernova progenitor slowly loses significant amounts of its hydrogen envelope in a stellar wind. After the explosion, the blastwave interacts with this wind producing synchrotron emission. A year of radio observations allows us to probe the progenitor evolution for a thousand years. The EVLA and SKA would represent more than an order of magnitude improvement in our ability to explore the pre-explosion lives of a significantly large population of supernova progenitor stars. It will allow us to move beyond the crude optical classifications and develop a deeper physical und…
We investigate the validity of the Cosmological Principle by mapping the cosmological parameters $H_0$ and $q_0$ through the celestial sphere. In our analysis, performed in a low-redshift regime to follow a model-independent approach, we use two compilations of type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia), namely the Union2.1 and the JLA datasets. Firstly, we show that the angular distributions for both SNe Ia datasets are statistically anisotropic at high confidence level ($p$-value $<$ 0.0001), in particular the JLA sample. Then we find that the cosmic expansion and acceleration are mainly of dipolar type, w…
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are standardizable candles, but for over a decade, there has been a debate on how to properly account for their correlations with host galaxy properties. Using the Bayesian hierarchical model UNITY, we simultaneously fit for the SN Ia light curve and host galaxy standardization parameters on a set of 103 Sloan Digital Sky Survey II SNe Ia. We investigate the influences of host stellar mass, along with both localized ($r<3$ kpc) and host-integrated average stellar ages, derived from stellar population synthesis modeling. We find that the standardization for the light…
A small fraction of core collapse supernovae (SNe) show evidence that the outgoing blast wave has encountered a substantial mass ~ 1-10 M_sun of circumstellar matter (CSM) at radii ~100-1000 AU, much more than can nominally be explained by pre-explosion stellar winds. In extreme cases this interaction may power the most luminous, optically-energetic SNe yet discovered. Interpretations for the origin of the CSM have thus far centered on explosive eruptions from the star just ~ years to decades prior to the core collapse. Here we consider an alternative possibility that the inferred CSM is a rel…
Electromagnetic observations over the last 15 years have yielded a growing appreciation for the importance of supermassive black holes (SMBH) to the evolution of galaxies, and for the intricacies of dynamical interactions in our own Galactic center. Here we show that future low-frequency gravitational wave observations, alone or in combination with electromagnetic data, will open up unique windows to these processes. In particular, gravitational wave detections in the 10^{-5}-10^{-1} Hz range will yield SMBH masses and spins to unprecedented precision and will provide clues to the properties o…
Fundamental mysteries remain regarding the physics of Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) and their stellar progenitors. We argue here that important clues to these questions may emerge by the identification of those SNIa that occur in extragalactic globular clusters--stellar systems with well defined ages and metallicities. We estimate an all-sky rate of approximately 0.1 eta (D/100 Mpc)^3 per year for SNIa in globular clusters within a distance D, where eta is the rate enhancement per unit mass as a result of dynamical production channels that are inaccessible in the galactic field. If eta is approxim…
Following the observational and theoretical evidence that points at core collapse supernovae as major producers of dust, here we calculate the hydrodynamics of the matter reinserted within young and massive super stellar clusters under the assumption of gas and dust radiative cooling. The large supernova rate expected in massive clusters allows for a continuous replenishment of dust immersed in the high temperature thermalized reinserted matter and warrants a stationary presence of dust within the cluster volume during the type II supernova era. We first show that such a balance determines the…
Using data drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the SDSS-II Supernova Survey, we study the local environments of confirmed type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the nearby Universe. At 0.05 < z < 0.15, we find that SN Ia events in blue, star-forming galaxies occur preferentially in regions of lower galaxy density relative to galaxies of like stellar mass and star-formation rate, while SNe Ia in nearby red galaxies show no significant environment dependence within the measurement uncertainties. Even though our samples of SNe in red hosts are relatively small in number, tests on simulated…
A key prediction of the standard cosmological model -- which relies on the assumption that dark matter is cold, i.e. non-relativistic at the epoch of structure formation -- is the existence of a large number of dark matter substructures on sub-galactic scales. This assumption can be tested by studying the perturbations induced by dark matter substructures on cold stellar streams. Here, we study the prospects for discriminating cold from warm dark matter by generating mock data for upcoming astronomical surveys such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), and reconstructing the propertie…
