A brief history of the observation of the onset of deconfinement - the beginning of the creation of quark gluon plasma in nucleus-nucleus collisions with increasing collision energy - is presented. It starts with the measurement of hadron mass spectrum and the Hagedorn's hypothesis of the limiting temperature of hadronic matter (the Hagedorn temperature). Then the conjecture that the Hagedorn temperature is the phase transition temperature was formulated with the crucial Hagedorn participation. It was confirmed by the observation of the onset of deconfinement in lead-lead collisions at the CERN SPS energies.
Baryon fluctuation signatures of the onset of deconfinement
Jan Kochanowski University（扬·科哈诺夫斯基大学）；Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics（博戈柳博夫理论物理研究所）；GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung（德国重离子研究中心）
With the first multi-messenger observation of a binary neutron star merger (GW170817) new constraints became available for masses and radii of neutron stars. We introduce a class of hybrid EoS that fulfils all these constraints and predicts a region in the mass-radius diagram that could be populated only by hybrid neutron stars with quark matter cores. A confirmation of this conjecture would be provided when the NICER radius measurement for the high-mass pulsar PSR J0740+6620 yields a radius less than 11 km. Would this radius measurement yield a result in excess of 12 km, this would allow for …
Baryon Stopping as a Probe of Deconfinement Onset in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
有人认为，在重子停止的不规则性是一个自然的后果发生在核碰撞的压缩阶段的相变。这是一个综合的影响，固有的最软点的状态方程（EoS）与相变和变化的非平衡动力学从强子到部分子输运。因此，这种不规则性是来自核碰撞的高温和高密度阶段的信号。为了说明这一命题，在三流体模型中进行计算与三个不同的EoS：一个纯强子EoS，一个EoS与一阶相变和一个平滑的交叉过渡。结果发现，在一阶跃迁的情况下的预测确实揭示了一个强烈的不规则性的入射能量依赖的形式的净质子快度分布在中心碰撞。这种行为与强子情形相反，在强子情形中，分布形式逐渐演变，没有显示出不规则性。交叉EoS的情况是中间的。只有微弱的不规则性发生。实验数据也表现出类似的不规则性的趋势，然而，这是基于能量为20 A GeV和30 A GeV的初步数据。
We analyze the transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra, $1/N_{ev}$[(1/2$π$$p_T$) $d^2$$N$/$dyd$$p_T$], of kaon, proton, deuteron and triton in different centrality events in gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions (RHIC) by Hagedorn thermal model and extracted the excitation function of effective temperature, kinetic freeze-out volume, initial temperature and kinetic freeze-out temperature. We perceived that the effective temperature, initial temperature and kinetic freeze-out temperature sharply increases from 7.7 GeV to 14.5 GeV and then remain static from 14.5-39 GeV, …
University of Wroclaw（弗罗茨瓦夫大学）；Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)（德累斯顿-罗斯多夫亥姆霍兹中心）；Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS)（先进系统理解中心）
We investigate the possibility that GW170817 has not been the merger of two conventional neutron stars (NS) but involved at least one if not two hybrid stars with a quark matter core which might even belong to a third family of compact stars. To this end, we develop a Bayesian analysis method for selecting the most probable equation of state (EoS) under a set of constraints from compact star physics, which now also include the tidal deformability from GW170817 and the first result for the mass and radius determination for PSR J0030+0451 by NICER. We apply this method for the first time to a tw…
Hybrid neutron stars among mass gap objects are excluded by twin stars at $1.4\,M_\odot$
University of Wroclaw（弗罗茨瓦夫大学）；A. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory（阿利哈尼扬国家科学实验室）；Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)（德累斯顿-罗斯多夫亥姆霍兹中心）；Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS)（高级系统理解中心）；Institute of Independent Studies（独立研究学院）；Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Wroclaw（弗罗茨瓦夫大学实验物理研究所）
The transverse momentum (mass) spectra of the multi-strange and non-multi-strange (i.e. other identified) particles in central gold-gold (Au-Au), lead-lead (Pb-Pb), argon-muriate (Ar-KCl) and nickel-nickel (Ni-Ni) collisions over a wide energy range have been studied in this work. The experimental data measured by various collaborations have been analyzed. The blast-wave fit with Tsallis statistics is used to extract the kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity from the experimental data of transverse momentum (mass) spectra. The extracted parameters increase with the increa…
