arXiv 1002.31192010-02nucl-thhep-lathep-phhep-th

夸克-胶子等离子体相变图、Hagedorn物质和夸克-胶子液体

The quark-gluon-plasma phase transition diagram, Hagedorn matter and quark-gluon liquid

Ismail Zakout, Carsten Greiner

备注：: 70 pages and 5 figures, A brief discussion of the microscopic mechanism of symmetry breaking is added

摘要：

为了研究相对论重离子碰撞和致密星中的核物质，需要得到整个（$μ_B-T$）相变图的强子态密度。我们提出了一个模型的连续高躺的质量（和体积）谱密度的状态，适合Hagedorn质谱。这个模型除了解释夸克物质和夸克胶子液体等现象外，还解释了三临界点的起源。本文导出了具有单模么正、正交和色味锁辛对称群等各种内部结构的色单重夸克胶子袋的Hagedorn质量谱。连续高位强子质量谱首先由幺正Hagedorn态填充。然后，光谱变成由无色正交态占主导地位的稀释系统被加热。随后，正交Hagedorn态的液体/气体经历高阶退禁闭相变到夸克-胶子等离子体。在解除禁闭的相变过程中，色单重态被严重破缺，形成有色的$SU(N_c)$对称群。另一方面，当强子物质被压缩成更大的$μ_{B}$并被加热时，无色的么正态经历一级相变，成为爆炸性的夸克-胶子等离子体。三临界点的出现是物质特性行为的变化，也是具有不同内部对称性的各种相之间的交叉点。当饱和强子物质被冷却并压缩到更高的密度时，它变成由无色辛态主导。当加热到较高温度时，该物质表现出向夸克-胶子等离子体的一级相变。讨论了手性相变的作用。

英文摘要：

In order to study the nuclear matter in the relativistic heavy ion collisions and the compact stars, we need the hadronic density of states for the entire ($μ_B-T$) phase transition diagram. We present a model for the continuous high-lying mass (and volume) spectrum density of states that fits the Hagedorn mass spectrum. This model explains the origin of the tri-critical point besides various phenomena such as the quarkyonic matter and the quark-gluon liquid. The Hagedorn mass spectrum is derived for the color-singlet quark-gluon bag with various internal structures such as the unimodular unitary, orthogonal and color-flavor locked symplectic symmetry groups. The continuous high-lying hadronic mass spectrum is populated at first by the unitary Hagedorn states. Then the spectrum turns to be dominated by the colorless orthogonal states as the dilute system is heated up. Subsequently, the liquid/gas of orthogonal Hagedorn states undergoes higher order deconfinement phase transition to quark-gluon plasma. Under the deconfinement phase transition process, the color-singlet states is broken badly to form the colored $SU(N_c)$ symmetry group. On the other hand, when the hadronic matter is compressed to larger $μ_{B}$ and heated up, the colorless unitary states undergoes first order phase transition to explosive quark-gluon plasma. The tri-critical point emerges as a change in the characteristic behaviour of the matter and as an intersection among various phases with different internal symmetries. When the saturated hadronic matter is cooled down and compressed to higher density, it turns to be dominated by the colorless symplectic states. This matter exhibits the first order phase transition to quark-gluon plasma when it is heated up to higher temperature. The role of chiral phase transition is also discussed.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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英文摘要：

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