五倍核压缩下的相图确定
Phase diagram determination at fivefold nuclear compression
AI总结：
本研究通过比较相对论输运模型模拟与STAR实验数据，确定强子-夸克相变起始发生于约五倍核压缩（T~112 MeV, μ_B~586 MeV），对早期宇宙暗物质比例及中子星研究具有重要意义。
摘要：
在粒子物理的标准模型中，强相互作用由量子色动力学（QCD）理论描述。根据QCD性质，通常认为强子在足够高的温度或密度下会熔解为其组成的夸克，从而经历退禁闭相变，进入由夸克和胶子组成的新相，通常被称为夸克物质或夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）。尽管QGP已在相对论重离子碰撞中被观测到，但关于退禁闭何时开始发生仍存在不确定性。通过将可靠的强子与夸克相对论输运模型的模拟结果与STAR实验的最新数据进行比较，我们确定强子-夸克相变的起始发生在约五倍核压缩下，对应于核物质相图中温度 $T\sim$ 112 MeV 和重子化学势 $μ_{B}\sim$ 586 MeV。这一发现对早期和当前宇宙的研究具有重要意义，包括早期宇宙中形成的暗物质比例，以及中子星及其并合的结构与动力学。
英文摘要：
In the standard model of particle physics, the strong force is characterized by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It is commonly understood from QCD properties that hadrons, at sufficiently high temperatures or densities, melt into their constituent quarks, thereby undergoing a deconfinement transition to a new phase of quarks and gluons, often referred to as quark matter or quark-gluon plasma (QGP) \cite{qcd00,qcd01}. Although QGP has been observed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions \cite{qgp1,qgp2}, uncertainties remain about when the onset of deconfinement occurs. After comparing simulations from a reliable hadron and quark relativistic transport model with recent data from the STAR experiment, we determined that the onset of the hadron-quark phase transition occurs at about five times nuclear compression, corresponding to temperature $T\sim$ 112 MeV and baryon chemical potential $μ_{B}\sim$ 586 MeV, in the nuclear matter phase diagram. This discovery has significant implications for the studies of both the early and present universe \cite{ann2006}, including the fraction of dark matter formed in the early universe \cite{bhd2016,bhf1997,pbh20} and the structure and dynamics of neutron stars and their mergers \cite{nature2020}.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
