Nuclear $β$-decay in magic nuclei is investigated, taking into account the coupling between particle and collective vibrations,on top of self-consistent random phase approximation calculations based on Skyrme density functionals. The low-lying Gamow-Teller strength is shifted downwards and at times becomes fragmented; as a consequence, the $β$-decay half-lives are reduced due to the increase of the phase space available for the decay. In some cases, this leads to a very good agreement between theoretical and experimental lifetimes: this happens, in particular, in the case of the Skyrme force SkM*, that can also reproduce the line shape of the high energy Gamow-Teller resonance as it was previously shown.
Octupole vibrations are studied in some doubly magic nuclei using the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory with a Skyrme energy density functional. Through the use of the linear response theory, the energies and transition amplitudes of the low-lying vibrational modes for each of the nuclei were determined. Energies were found to be close to experimental results. However, transition amplitudes, quantified by the deformation parameter $β_3$, are underestimated by TDHF. A comparison with single-particle excitations on the Hartree-Fock ground-state shows that the collective octupole vibratio…
The magic numbers in exotic nuclei are discussed, and their novel origin is shown to be the spin-isospin dependent part of the nucleon-nucleon interaction in nuclei. The importance and robustness of this mechanism is shown in terms of meson exchange, G-matrix and QCD theories. In neutron-rich exotic nuclei, magic numbers such as N = 8, 20, etc. can disappear, while N = 6, 16, etc. arise, affecting the structure of lightest exotic nuclei to nucleosynthesis of heavy elements.
A new mass formula capable of explaining the binding energies of almost all the known isotopes from Li to Bi is prescribed. In addition to identifying the new magic number at neutron number N=16 (Z=7-9), pseudo-magic numbers at N=14 (Z=7-10), Z=14 (N=13-19), and at N=6 (Z=3-8), the formula accounts for the loss of magicity for nuclei with N=8 (Z=4) and N=20 (Z=12-17). The redefinition of the neutron drip line resulting from this formula further allows us to predict the existence of 26O,31F, 32Ne, 35Na, 38Mg, 41Al as bound nuclei and 28O as unbound.
I use properties of doubly-magic nuclei to constrain nuclear matter and neutron matter equations of state. I conclude that the data determined the value of the neutron equation of state and the symmetry energy near a density of $ρ_{on}$ = 0.10 nucleons/fm$^{3}$. The slope at that point is constrained by the value of the neutron skin.
Absolute values of two-particle transfer cross sections along the Sn-isotopic chain from closed shell to closed shell (100Sn,132Sn) are calculated taking properly into account nuclear correlations, as well as the successive, simultaneous and non-orthogonality contributions to the differential cross sections. The results are compared with systematic, homogeneous bombarding conditions (p, t) data. The observed agreement, almost within statistical errors and without free parameters, testify to the fact that theory is able to be quantitative in its predictions.
An extensive theoretical search for the proton magic number in the superheavy valley beyond $Z=$82 and corresponding neutron magic number after $N=$126 is carried out. For this we scanned a wide range of elements $Z=112-130$ and their isotopes. The well established non-relativistic Skryme-Hartree-Fock and Relativistic Mean Field formalisms with various force parameters are used. Based on the calculated systematics of pairing gap, two neutron separation energy and the shell correction energy for these nuclei, we find $Z=$120 as the next proton magic and N=172, 182/184, 208 and 258 the subsequen…
Encouraged with the evidence for Z = 6 magic number in neutron-rich carbon isotopes, we have performed relativistic mean-field plus BCS calculations to investigate ground state properties of entire chains of isotopes(isotones) with Z(N) = 6 including even and odd mass nuclei. Our calculations include deformation, binding energy, separation energy, single particle energy, rms radii along with charge and neutron density profile etc., and are found in an excellent match with latest experimental results demonstrating Z = 6 as a strong magic number. N = 6 is also found to own similar kind of strong…
We present results of the Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculations performed using nuclear energy density functionals based on regularized functional generators at next-to-leading and next-to-next-to-leading order. We discuss properties of binding energies and pairing gaps determined in semi-magic spherical nuclei. The results are compared with benchmark calculations performed for the functional generator SLyMR0 and functional UNEDF0.
A method is presented to evaluate the particle-phonon coupling (PC) corrections to the single-particle energies (SPEs) in semi-magic nuclei. In such nuclei always there is a collective low-lying $2^+$ phonon, and a strong mixture of single-particle and particle-phonon states often occurs. As in magic nuclei, the so-called $g^2_L$ approximation, where $g_L$ is the vertex of the $L$-phonon creation, can be used for finding the PC correction $δΣ^{\rm PC}(\varepsilon)$ to the initial mass operator $Σ_0$. In addition to the usual pole diagram, the phonon "tadpole" diagram is also taken into account…
The description of the direct nucleon decay of high-spin subbarrier one-particle states in near-magic nuclei is attempted using a simple optical model and the simplest version of the coupled-channel approach. The branching ratios for the direct decay of the several single-neutron states in $^{209}Pb$ and $^{91}Zr$ to the ground state and to the low-lying collective states of $^{208}Pb$ and $^{90}Zr$, respectively, are evaluated. Results are compared with recent experimental data.
We study the effects of correlations beyond the independent particle model in the evaluation of neutron skins of various neutron-rich doubly magic nuclei. We consider short- and long-range correlations to take into account the presence of the strongly repulsive core of the bare nucleon-nucleon interaction and collective nuclear phenomena, respectively. Despite the strong sensitivity on the structure of the nucleus considered, our results indicate that, in general, correlations increase the values of the neutron skins.
An ab-initio calculation scheme for finite nuclei based on self-consistent Green's functions in the Gorkov formalism is developed. It aims at describing properties of doubly-magic and semi-magic nuclei employing state-of-the-art microscopic nuclear interactions and explicitly treating pairing correlations through the breaking of U(1) symmetry associated with particle number conservation. The present paper introduces the formalism, necessary to undertake applications at (self-consistent) second-order using two-nucleon interactions, in a detailed and self-contained fashion. First applications of…
General equations for one- particle Green function in non- magic nuclei have been derived where a pairing mechanism, which is analogous to the Bardeen- Cooper- Schrieffer one, has been singled out explicitely. A "refining" procedure for the phenomenological single- particle energies and pairing gaps is formulated to avoid double counting of the phonon mixing if the initial data of the problem are these phenomenological quantities. The general equations obtained have been written in the squared phonon creation amplitude approximation. This corresponds to taking quasiparticle$\otimes$phonon conf…
A new paradigm for nuclear structure that includes blocking effects of tensor interactions is proposed. All of the recently discovered magic numbers (N=6, 14, 16, 32 and 34) in neutron-rich nuclei can be explained by the blocking effects. A large amount of binding energy is gained by high-momentum correlated pairs of nucleons produced by the tensor interaction. Such tensor correlations strongly depend on the configuration space available for exciting nucleons to 2p-2h states. When additional neutrons occupy a new orbital, the previously available configuration may be lost, resulting in a sudde…
A recently published highly extrapolatable semiempirical shell model mass equation is shown to describe rather well the energies of several seemingly well identified alpha-decay chains with known end product nuclei observed in superheavy elements research. The equation is also applied to the interpretation problem of some recent hot fusion-evaporation experiments with unknown end products and several conceivable reaction channels. Some plausible interpretations are indicated.
Symmetry plays an important role in understanding the nuclear structure properties from the rotation of a nucleus to the spin, parity and isospin of nuclear states. This simplifies the complexity of the nuclear problems in one way or the other. Seniority is also a well known quantum number which arises due to the symmetry in the pairing interaction of nuclei. We present empirical as well as theoretical evidences based on decay rates which support the goodness of seniority at higher spins as well as in nrich or, n-deficient nuclei. We find that the generalized seniority governs the identical tr…
Encouraged by the success of RMF+BCS approach for the description of the ground state properties of the chains of isotopes of proton magic nuclei with proton number Z=8, 20, 28, 50 and 82 as well as those of proton sub-magic nuclei with Z=40, we have further employed it, in an analogous manner, for a detailed calculations of the ground state properties of the neutron magic isotones with neutron number N = 8, 20, 28, 50, 82 and 126 as well as those of neutron sub-magic isotones with N = 40 using the TMA force parameterizations in order to explore low lying resonance and other exotic phenomenon …
The iterative quasi-particle-random-phase approximation (QRPA) method we previously developed to accurately calculate properties of individual nuclear states is extended so that it can be applied for nuclei with odd numbers of neutrons and protons. The approach is based on the proton-neutron-QRPA (pnQRPA) and uses an iterative non-hermitian Arnoldi diagonalization method where the QRPA matrix does not have to be explicitly calculated and stored. The method is used to calculate excitation energies of proton-neutron multiplets for several nuclei. The influence of a pairing interaction in the $T=…
A method is developed to consider the particle-phonon coupling (PC) effects in the problem of finding odd-even double mass differences (DMD) of magic nuclei within the approach starting from the free $NN$-potential. Three PC effects are taken into account, the phonon induced interaction, the renormalization of the "ends" due to the $Z$-factors and the change of the single-particle energies. We use the perturbation theory in $g^2_L$, where $g_L$ is the vertex of the $L$-phonon creation. PC corrections to single-particle energies are found self-consistently with an approximate account for the so…
Magic numbers are predicted in wide range of the nuclear chart by the self-consistent mean-field calculations with the M3Y-P6 and P7 semi-realistic $NN$ interactions. The magic numbers are identified by vanishing pair correlations in the spherical Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov regime. We also identify submagic numbers when energy gain due to the pairing is sufficiently small. It is found that the results with M3Y-P6 well correspond to the known data, apart from a few exceptions. For some of the magic or submagic numbers the prediction differs from that with the Gogny-D1S or D1M interaction. Roles of…
We perform a systematic study of all the traditional neutron magic nuclei with $N$ = 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126, from the neutron drip line to the proton drip line. We adopt the deformed relativistic mean field (RMF) theory as our framework and treat pairing correlations by a simple BCS method with a zero-range $δ$-force. Remarkable agreement with the available experimental data is obtained for the binding energies, the two- and one-proton separation energies, and the nuclear charge radii. The calculated nuclear deformations are compared with the available experimental data and the predictions…
We use properties of doubly-magic nuclei and ab-initio calculations of low-density neutron matter to constrain Skyrme equations of state for neutron-rich conditions. All of these properties are consistent with a Skyrme functional form and a neutron-matter equation of state that depends on three parameters. With a reasonable range for the neutron-matter effective mass, the values of the two other Skyrme parameters are well constrained. This leads to predictions for other quantities. The neutron skins for $^{208}$Pb and $^{48}$Ca are predicted to be 0.182(10) fm and 0.173(5) fm, respectively. Ot…
We present parameter-free tunneling calculations for various cluster radioactivities including the diproton decays of atomic nuclei. An uniform folded cluster potential has been suggested that is based on a self-consistent mean-field model, with the folding factor determined using the quantization conditions of the quasibound cluster state. We have investigated the $α$-particle and heavier-cluster decays of trans-$^{100}$Sn and trans-$^{208}$Pb nuclei, and the observed diproton emission from the proton drip-line nucleus $^{16}$Ne, showing the overall reasonable descriptions of cluster radioact…
A systematic study of the ground state properties of the entire chains of even even neutron magic nuclei represented by isotones of traditional neutron magic numbers N = 8, 20, 40, 50, 82 and 126 has been carried out using relativistic mean field (rmf) plus Bardeen Cooper Schrieffer (BCS) approach. Our present investigation includes deformation, binding energy, two proton separation energy, single particle energy, rms radii along with proton and neutron density profiles, etc. Several of these results are compared with the results calculated using non relativistic approach (Skyrme Hartree Fock …
We use the nuclear density functional theory to determine nuclear electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole moments in all one-particle and one-hole neighbours of eight doubly magic nuclei. We align angular momenta along the intrinsic axial-symmetry axis with broken time-reversal symmetry, which allows us to explore fully the self-consistent charge, spin, and current polarisation. Spectroscopic moments are determined for symmetry-restored wave functions and compared with available experimental data. We find that the obtained polarisations do not call for using quadrupole- or dipole-moment operat…
In neutron capture for magic--shell nuclei the direct reaction mechanism can be important and may even dominate. As an example we investigated the reaction $^{48}$Ca(n,$γ)^{49}$Ca for projectile energies below 250\,keV in a direct capture model using the folding procedure for optical and bound state potentials. The obtained theoretical cross sections are in agreement with the experimental data showing the dominance of the direct reaction mechanism in this case. The above method was also used to calculate the cross section for $^{50}$Ca(n,$γ)^{51}$Ca.
We study systematically the impact of the time-even tensor terms of the Skyrme energy density functional, i.e. terms bilinear in the spin-current tensor density, on deformation properties of closed shell nuclei corresponding to 20, 28, 40, 50, 82, and 126 neutron or proton shell closures. We compare results obtained with three different families of Skyrme parameterizations whose tensor terms have been adjusted on properties of spherical nuclei: (i) TIJ interactions proposed in the first paper of this series [T. Lesinski et al., Phys. Rev. C 76, 014312 (2007)] which were constructed through a c…
A method to evaluate the particle-phonon coupling (PC) corrections to the single-particle energies in semi-magic nuclei, based on the direct solution of the Dyson equation with PC corrected mass operator, is presented. It is used for finding the odd-even mass difference between even Pb and Sn isotopes and their odd-proton neighbors. The Fayans energy density functional (EDF) DF3-a is used which gives rather highly accurate predictions for these mass differences already at the mean-field level. In the case of the lead chain, account for the PC corrections induced by the low-laying phonons $2^+_…
A method of a consistent consideration of the phonon contributions to mass and gap operators in non-magic nuclei is developed in the so-called g^2 approximation, where g is the low-lying phonon creation amplitude. It includes simultaneous accounting for both the usual non-local terms and the phonon tadpole ones. The relations which allow the tadpoles to be calculated without any new parameters are derived. As an application of the results, the role of the phonon tadpoles in the single-particle strength distribution and in the single-particle energies and gap values has been considered. Relatio…
Within a microscopic approach which takes into account RPA configurations, the single-particle continuum and more complex $1p1h\otimes phonon$ configurations isoscalar and isovector M1 excitations for the unstable nuclei ${56,78}$Ni and ${100,132}$Sn are calculated. For comparison, the experimentally known M1 excitations in ${40}$Ca and $^{208}$Pb have also been calculated. In the latter nuclei good agreement in the centroid energy, the total transition strength and the resonance width is obtained. With the same parameters we predict the magnetic excitations for the unstable nuclei. The streng…
Quantum stabilization of superheavy elements is quantified in terms of the shell-correction energy. We compute the shell correction using self-consistent nuclear models: the non-relativistic Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach and the relativistic mean-field model, for a number of parametrizations. All the forces applied predict a broad valley of shell stabilization around Z=120 and N=172-184. We also predict two broad regions of shell stabilization in hyperheavy elements with N approx 258 and N approx 308. Due to the large single-particle level density, shell corrections in the superheavy elements d…
Effect of the tensor force on $β$?-decay is studied in the framework of the proton-neutron random-phase-approximation (RPA) with the Skyrme force. The investigation is performed for even-even semi-magic and magic nuclei, $^{34}$Si, $^{68}$, $^{78}$Ni and $^{132}$Sn. The tensor correlation induces strong impact on low-lying Gamow-Teller state. In particular, it improves the ?$β$-decay half-lives. $Q$ and $ft$ values are also investigated and compared with experimental data.
We propose a simple systematics of low lying 2+ energy levels and electromagnetic transitions in semi-magic isotopic chains Z=28,50,82 and isotonic chains N=28,50,82,126. To this purpose we use a two-level pairing plus quadrupole Hamiltonian, within the spherical Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation (QRPA). We derive a simple relation connecting the 2+ energy with the pairing gap and quadrupole-quadupole (QQ) interaction strength. It turns out that the systematics of energy levels and B(E2) values predicted by this simple model is fulfilled with a reasonable accuracy by all available exper…
Effects of the relativistic correction of the Coulomb interaction on doubly-magic nuclei are discussed with Skyrme Hartree--Fock calculations. The relativistic correction is treated by using the local density approximation. It is found that the correction to the total energy is about $ 2.4 \, \mathrm{MeV} $ for $ {}^{208} \mathrm{Pb} $, while proton and neutron radii do not change significantly. This difference is larger than the difference of the Coulomb exchange (Fock) energy calculated with the local density (Hartree--Fock--Slater) approximation and that with the exact treatment and the neu…
The magic proton and neutron numbers are searched in the superheavy region with proton number $Z$=100 - 140 and neutron number $N$= ($Z$+30) - (2$Z$+32) by the relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov (RCHB) theory with interactions NL1, NL3, NLSH, TM1, TW99, DD-ME1, PK1, and PK1R. Based on the two-nucleon separation energies $S_{2p}$ and $S_{2n}$, the two-nucleon gaps $δ_{2p}$ and $δ_{2n}$, the shell correction energies $E_{shell}^{p}$ and $E_{shell}^{n}$, the pairing energies $E_{pair}^{p}$ and $E_{pair}^{n}$, and the pairing gaps $Δ_{p}$ and $Δ_{n}$, $Z$=120, 132, and 138 and $N$=172, 184,…
Various ground state properties are explored for full isotonic(isotopic) chain of neutron number N(proton number Z)$=$40 using different families of Relativistic Mean-Field theory. Several properties such as nucleon separation energies, pairing energies, deformation, radii and nucleon density distributions are evaluated and compared with the experimental data as well as those from other microscopic and macroscopic models. N$=$40 isotonic chain presents ample of support for the neutron magicity and articulates double magicity in recently discovered $^{60}$Ca and $^{68}$Ni. Our results are in cl…
We use properties of doubly-magic nuclei, ab-initio calculations of low-density neutron matter, and of neutron stars to constrain the parameters of the Skyrme energy-density functional. We find all of these properties can be reproduced within a constrained family of Skyrme parameters. The maximum mass of a neutron star is found to be sensitive to the neutron effective mass. A value of [$ m^{*}_{\rm n}/m](ρ_0) = 0.60-0.65 $ is required to obtain a maximum neutron star mass of 2.1 solar masses. Using the constrained Skyrme functional with the aforementioned effective mass, the predicted radius f…
A method is developed to consider the particle-phonon coupling (PC) effects in the calculation of the odd-even double mass differences (DMD) in semi-magic nuclei starting from the free $NN$-potential. The PC correction $δΣ^{\rm PC}$ to the mass operator $Σ$ is found in $g_L^2$-approximation, $g_L$ being the vertex of creating the $L$-phonon. The tadpole term of the operator $δΣ^{\rm PC}$ is taken into account. The method is based on a direct, without any use of the perturbation theory, solution of the Dyson equation with the mass operator $Σ(ε){=}Σ_0{+}δΣ^{\rm PC}(ε)$ for finding the single-pa…
A consistent theory is developed of the volume energy oscillations of spherical nuclei due to sharpness of the Fermi distribution boundary for quasiparticles. The lowest value of the oscillating part of the energy corresponds to a magic nucleus. A formula is obtained for the corresponding limiting momentum of a quasiparticle and it is shown that we have here an isolated point of a temperatureless second-order phase transition. An expression for the discontinuity of the derivative of the energy of the body with respect to the number of particles is obtained in the case of a sharp (step-like) Fe…
Systematic alpha-nucleus folding potentials are used to analyze alpha-decay half-lives of superheavy nuclei. Preformation factors of about several per cent are found for all nuclei under study. The systematic behavior of the preformation factors and the volume integrals of the potentials allows to predict alpha-decay energies and half-lives for unknown nuclei. Shell closures can be determined from measured alpha-decay energies using the discontinuity of the volume integral at shell closures. For the first time a double shell closure is predicted for Z_magic = 132, N_magic = 194, and A_magic = …
The scope of the paper is to apply a state-of-the-art beyond mean-field model to the description of the Gamow-Teller response in atomic nuclei. This topic recently attracted considerable renewed interest, due, in particular, to the possibility of performing experiments in unstable nuclei. We study the cases of $^{48}$Ca, $^{78}$Ni, $^{132}$Sn and $^{208}$Pb. Our model is based on a fully self-consistent Skyrme Hartree-Fock plus random phase approximation. The same Skyrme interaction is used to calculate the coupling between particles and vibrations, which leads to the mixing of the Gamow-Telle…
We have recently applied the generalized seniority approach successfully to explain the B(E1)/B(E2)/B(E3) properties of the semi-magic nuclei. In the present paper, we extend this approach to the Schmidt model as Generalized Seniority Schmidt Model and calculate the g-factors of the various seniority states in the semi-magic nuclei. We find that the magnetic moments and the g-factors do show a particle number independent behavior in multi-j configurations, as expected in the seniority scheme. The calculated results explain the experimental trends quite well. We find that the g-factors of all t…
Ground state quadrupole moments of odd-odd near double magic nuclei are calculated in the approximation of no interaction between odd particles. Under such a simple approximation, the problem is reduced to the calculations of quadrupole moments of corresponding odd-even nuclei. These calculations are performed within the self-consistent Theory of Finite Fermi Systems based on the Energy Density Functional by Fayans et al. with the known DF3-a parameters. A reasonable agreement with the available experimental data has been obtained for odd-odd nuclei and odd near-magic nuclei investigated. The …
We present two tables of calculated masses of translead nuclei, for 351 nuclei with N from 94 to 126 and Z from 82 to 100, and for 1969 nuclei with N from 126 to 184 and Z from 82 to 126. The tables are calculated from a semiempirical shell-model mass equation based on Z = 126 as a proton magic number which seems to be highly extrapolatable inside shell regions. Useful separation and decay energies are given as well. Some properties of the calculated masses and applications to superheavy elements are indicated in the introduction.
It was pointed out [Phys. Rev. C \textbf{91}, 021302(R)] that the isotope shifts of the Pb nuclei, the kink at $N=126$ in particular, can be well described by the Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculations if a density-dependent LS interaction derived from the $3N$ interaction is incorporated. Effects of the density-dependence in the LS channel on the isotope shifts are extensively investigated for the Ca, Ni and Sn isotopes, using the semi-realistic M3Y-P6 interaction and its LS modified variant M3Y-P6a, as in the Pb case. It is found that almost equal charge radii between $^{40}$Ca and $^{48}$Ca a…
Shell structure in the neutron-rich Ca and Ni nuclei is investigated by the spherical Hartree-Fock calculations with the semi-realistic $NN$ interactions. Specific ingredients of the effective interaction, particularly the tensor force, often play a key role in the $Z$ dependence of the neutron shell structure. Such examples are found in N=32 and N=40; N=32 becomes magic or submagic in $^{52}$Ca while its magicity is broken in $^{60}$Ni, and N=40 is submagic (though not magic) in $^{68}$Ni but not in $^{60}$Ca. Comments are given on the doubly magic nature of $^{78}$Ni. We point out that the l…
A method to evaluate the particle-phonon coupling (PC) corrections to the single-particle energies in semi-magic nuclei, based on a direct solving the Dyson equation with PC corrected mass operator, is used for finding the odd-even mass difference between 18 even Pb isotopes and their odd-proton neighbors. The Fayans energy density functional (EDF) DF3-a is used which gives rather high accuracy of the predictions for these mass differences already on the mean-field level, with the average deviation from the existing experimental data equal to 0.389 MeV. It is only a bit worse than the correspo…
We present a model which describes the properties of odd-even nuclei with one nucleon more, or less, with respect to the magic number. In addition to the effects related to the unpaired nucleon, we consider those produced by the excitation of the closed shell core. By using a single particle basis generated with Hartree-Fock calculations, we describe the polarization of the doubly magic-core with Random Phase Approximation collective wave functions. In every step of the calculation, and for all the nuclei considered, we use the same finite-range nucleon-nucleon interaction. We apply our model …
From the semi-empirical formalisms of Bohr-Mottelson, a new model, based on the effect of beta- and gamma- head energies and the variable moment of inertia, was developed to calculate the ground state rotational band of almost all deformed e-e nuclei. The model can be tuned for nuclei with experimentally available beta- and gamma-vibrational energies as well as for those with unmeasured beta- and gamma-vibrations.
We perform ab initio self-consistent Green's function calculations of the closed shell nuclei $^{\rm 4}$He, $^{\rm 16}$O and $^{\rm 40}$Ca, based on two-nucleon potentials derived from Lattice QCD simulations, in the flavor SU(3) limit and at the pseudo-scalar meson mass of 469~MeV/c$^{\rm 2}$. The nucleon-nucleon interaction is obtained using the HAL QCD method and its short-distance repulsion is treated by means of ladder resummations outside the model space. Our results show that this approach diagonalises ultraviolet degrees of freedom correctly. Therefore, ground state energies can be obt…
The structure of the collective low-energy $J^π=0^{-}$ (T=0 and T=1) modes is studied for a doubly magic nucleus in a schematic analytic model of RPA. The $0^{-}$ phonon states ($T= 0,1$) lie at energies $E_{T=0}(0^{-}) \alt ω$ and $E_{T=1}(0^{-}) > ω$, where $ω$ is the oscillator frequency. The matrix elements of P-odd and P- and T-odd weak one-body potentials connecting the ground state to these $0^{-}$-states, $W_{coll}$, are enhanced by the factor $\sim 2 (\fracω{E})^{1/2}A^{1/3} \sim 10$ as compared to the single-particle value $w_{sp}$ what can result in values $|W_{coll}| \sim 20-30 eV$…
We have perfomed Time Dependant Hartree-Fock (TDHF) calculations on the non linear response of nuclei. We have shown that quadrupole (and dipole) motion produces monopole (and quadrupole) oscillations in all atomic nuclei. We have shown that these findings can be interpreted as a large coupling between one and two phonon states leading to large anharmonicities.
Recent results obtained, often in fruitful collaboration with Japanese colleagues in the study of the interplay between single-particle and collective degrees of freedom are reviewed.
