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arXiv 1502.03808gr-qcastro-ph.HE
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天体物理学中旋转黑洞的引力透镜,以及电影《星际穿越》

Gravitational Lensing by Spinning Black Holes in Astrophysics, and in the Movie Interstellar

Oliver James, Eugenie von Tunzelmann, Paul Franklin, Kip S. Thorne

摘要:

《星际穿越》是第一部试图描绘黑洞的好莱坞电影,因为它实际上会被附近的人看到。为此,我们开发了一个名为DNGR(双负引力渲染器)的代码来求解通过旋转(克尔)黑洞的弯曲时空的光束(光束)传播方程,并渲染IMAX质量的快速变化的图像。我们的光线束技术对于实现IMAX质量的平滑而不闪烁至关重要。本文有四个目的:(i)为物理学家和CGI从业者描述DNGR。(ii)为了呈现我们使用的方程,当相机在克尔黑洞附近的任意位置处于任意运动时,通过椭圆光束将光源映射到相机图像。(iii)描述新的见解,从DNGR,到引力透镜时,相机是附近的旋转黑洞,而不是在几乎所有以前的研究遥远。(iv)描述电影\emph{Interstellar}中黑洞Gargantua及其吸积盘的图像是如何用DNGR生成的。在这篇论文的吸积盘部分没有新的天体物理学见解,但盘新手可能会发现它在教学上很有趣,电影爱好者可能会发现它对星际的讨论很有趣。

英文摘要:

Interstellar is the first Hollywood movie to attempt depicting a black hole as it would actually be seen by somebody nearby. For this we developed a code called DNGR (Double Negative Gravitational Renderer) to solve the equations for ray-bundle (light-beam) propagation through the curved spacetime of a spinning (Kerr) black hole, and to render IMAX-quality, rapidly changing images. Our ray-bundle techniques were crucial for achieving IMAX-quality smoothness without flickering. This paper has four purposes: (i) To describe DNGR for physicists and CGI practitioners . (ii) To present the equations we use, when the camera is in arbitrary motion at an arbitrary location near a Kerr black hole, for mapping light sources to camera images via elliptical ray bundles. (iii) To describe new insights, from DNGR, into gravitational lensing when the camera is near the spinning black hole, rather than far away as in almost all prior studies. (iv) To describe how the images of the black hole Gargantua and its accretion disk, in the movie \emph{Interstellar}, were generated with DNGR. There are no new astrophysical insights in this accretion-disk section of the paper, but disk novices may find it pedagogically interesting, and movie buffs may find its discussions of Interstellar interesting.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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