长基线中微子实验（LBNE）将利用位于费米实验室的光束线设施，在中微子物理学方面开展引人注目的研究计划。该设施将向位于南达科他州桑福德地下研究设施（Sanford Underground Research Facility）的探测器发射宽波段中微子束，距离约1,300公里。该设施的主要组成部分是一条初级质子束线和一条中微子束线。初级质子束（60 - 120 GeV）将从费米实验室主注入器的MI-10部分提取。中微子是在质子撞击固体靶后产生的，并产生介子，介子被符号选择，随后被一组磁角聚焦到204米长的衰变管中，在那里它们主要衰变为μ子和中微子。该设施的参数是在考虑到物理目标、空间和放射性限制以及在费米实验室运行NuMI设施所获得的经验的情况下确定的。初始束流功率预计约为1.2 MW，但该设施设计为可在2.3 MW运行时运行。我们在这里讨论的设计和相关的挑战的状态。
英文摘要：
The Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) will utilize a beamline facility located at Fermilab to carry out a compelling research program in neutrino physics. The facility will aim a wide band beam of neutrinos toward a detector placed at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota, about 1,300 km away. The main elements of the facility are a primary proton beamline and a neutrino beamline. The primary proton beam (60 -120 GeV) will be extracted from the MI-10 section of Fermilab's Main Injector. Neutrinos are produced after the protons hit a solid target and produce mesons which are sign selected and subsequently focused by a set of magnetic horns into a 204 m long decay pipe where they decay mostly into muons and neutrinos. The parameters of the facility were determined taking into account the physics goals, spacial and radiological constraints and the experience gained by operating the NuMI facility at Fermilab. The initial beam power is expected to be ~1.2 MW, however the facility is designed to be upgradeable for 2.3 MW operation. We discuss here the status of the design and the associated challenges.
This contribution reports the design of the main components used to interconnect SRF cavities and superconducting focusing lenses in the SSR Cryomodule beamlines, developed in the framework of the PIP-II project at Fermilab. The focus of the present contribution is on the design and testing of the edge-welded bellows according to ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The activities performed to qualify the bellows to be assembled in cleanroom, for operation in high vacuum, cryogenic environments, and their characterization from magnetic standpoint, will also be presented.
CYRCé is a TR24 cyclotron installed at the Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) of Strasbourg operating at energies of 16-25 MeV and at intensities up to 400 $μ$A. The accelerator is used to produce and provide radioelements for PET and for SPECT. In 2015, IPHC started to develop a platform with the aim of performing radiobiological experiments. The PRECy platform foresees to contain three-to-five experimental stations linked to beamlines expanded from the second exit port of the cyclotron. This extension allows devoting one of the beamlines for detector studies within the framewor…
We are proposing a facility based on high gradient acceleration via x-band RF structures and plasma acceleration. We plan to reach an electron energy of the order of 1 GeV, suitable to drive a Free Electron Laser for applications in the so called "water window" (2 - 4 nm). A conceptual design of the beamline, from the photon beam from the undulators to the user experimental chamber, mainly focusing on diagnostic, manipulation and transport of the radiation is presented and discussed. We also briefly outline a user end station for coherent imaging, laser ablation and pump-probe experiments.
Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment Target Material Radiation Damage Studies Using Energetic Protons of the Brookhaven Linear Isotope Production (BLIP) Facility
Analytic descriptions of soft-edge quadrupoles for beamline design in multi-particle simulations
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria（维多利亚大学物理与天文系）；TRIUMF（特里尔姆夫国家粒子加速器中心）；Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院核科学实验室）；Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook University（石溪大学核科学前沿中心）
The LUX beamline is a novel type of laser-plasma accelerator. Building on the joint expertise of the University of Hamburg and DESY the beamline was carefully designed to combine state-of-the-art expertise in laser-plasma acceleration with the latest advances in accelerator technology and beam diagnostics. LUX introduces a paradigm change moving from single-shot demonstration experiments towards available, stable and controllable accelerator operation. Here, we discuss the general design concepts of LUX and present first critical milestones that have recently been achieved, including the gener…
The KAHVE Laboratory, at Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey is home to an educational proton linac project. The proton beam will originate from a 20 keV H+ source and will be delivered to a two module Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) operating at 800 MHz via a low energy beam transport (LEBT) line. Currently, the design phase being over, commissioning and stability tests are ongoing for the proton beamline which is already produced and installed except the RFQ which is being manufactured. This work summarizes the design, production and test phases of the ion source and LEBT line components.
Design, Installation, and Initial Commissioning of the MTA Beamline
一个新的实验区，旨在开发，测试和验证使用400兆电子伏费米实验室直线加速器质子束的μ子电离冷却设备已经完全安装，目前正在调试。最初，该区域用于MUCOOL研发计划的液氢吸收剂的低温测试，现在，用于吸收剂的高功率束流测试，存在磁场的高梯度射频腔（包括充气腔）和其他原型μ子冷却装置。为μ子设施开发的实验方案涉及收集、捕获和冷却大发射率、高强度μ子束--约10**13 μ子，因此该设备的最终测试需要完整的直线加速器束，即1.6 x 10**13 p/脉冲。为了支持μ子冷却设施，这条新的初级束线直接从直线加速器提取束流并将其传输到测试设施。MuCool设施的设计概念来自早期的提案，但需要进行修改以适应高强度束流，低温和冷却实验规模的增加。此外，提供精确线的不同操作模式结合了专门的部分并利用直线加速器束参数的测量。本文报告的MuCool光束线的技术细节，这两种模式。
The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) will utilize a beamline located at Fermilab to provide and aim a neutrino beam of sufficient intensity and appropriate energy range toward the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) detectors, placed deep underground at the SURF Facility in Lead, South Dakota. The primary proton beam (60-120 GeV) will be extracted from the MI-10 section of Fermilab's Main Injector. Neutrinos will be produced when the protons interact with a solid target to produce mesons which will be subsequently focused by magnetic horns into a 194m long decay pipe where they d…
The High-Energy Beam Transport system of GSI Campus is a complex system of interconnected beamlines between SIS18 synchrotron and multiple experimental stations and storage rings. This system is designed to be flexible and each experimental station can be reached by several beam paths. The quadrupole settings must fulfill constraints due to the beamline acceptance, limitations of the installed magnets and experimental requirements. The number of degrees of freedom is large and leaves operators with a vast number of possible optics configurations. The choice of a particular configuration is oft…
The Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) Beamlines is a laser driven accelerator facility located in the outskirts of the city of Prague. With its state-of-the-art lasers, it will carry out an ambitious and diverse research program. Activities at ELI Beamlines can be broken down in complementary areas of scientific interest: development and testing of novel technologies for multi-PW laser systems, plasma physics, high field physics experiments, production of femtosecond secondary sources of ionizing radiation (extreme ultraviolet radiation, X rays, gamma, electrons, and protons)to be used in int…
The $μ$E4-LEM beamline at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI, Switzerland) is a special muon beamline combining the hyprid type surface muon beamline $μ$E4 with the low energy muon facility (LEM) and delivers $μ^{+}$ with tunable energy up to 30 keV for low-energy muon spin rotation experiments (LE-$μ$SR). We investigate a possible upgrade scenario for the surface muon beamline $μ$E4 by replacing the last set of quadrupole triplet with a special solenoid to obtain 1.4 times original beam intensity on the LEM muon moderator target. In order to avoid the muon beam intensity loss at the LEM spectromete…
To realize and test advanced accelerator concepts and hardware, a beamline is being reconfigured in the Linac Extension Area (LEA) of APS linac. A photo-cathode RF gun installed at the beginning of the APS linac will provide a low emittance electron beam into the LEA beamline. The thermionic RF gun beam for the APS storage ring, and the photo-cathode RF gun beam for LEA beamline will be accelerated through the linac in an interleaved fashion. In this paper, the design studies for interleaving lattice realization in APS linac is described with initial experiment result
The Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE) Experiment is a proof-of-principle experiment demonstrating the acceleration of electron beams via proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. AWAKE Run 1 achieved acceleration of electron beams to 2 GeV and the intention for Run 2 is to build on these results by achieving acceleration to ~10 GeV with a higher beam quality. As part of the upgrade to Run 2, the existing proton and electron beamlines will be adapted and a second plasma cell and new 150 MeV electron beamline will be added. This new beamline will be required to inject electron bunches with micron-le…
X-ray reflection: a FLUKA model and its application in the design of synchrotron light beamlines and CERN's Future Circular Collider
European Organization for Nuclear Research（欧洲核子研究组织）；Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona（巴塞罗那大学物理学院）；Argonne National Laboratory（阿贡国家实验室）；University of Liverpool（利物浦大学）；ALBA Synchrotron（阿尔巴同步辐射中心）；European Synchrotron Radiation Facility（欧洲同步辐射装置）；Reflective X-ray Optics LLC（反射X射线光学有限责任公司）
The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) project will build a beamline located at Fermilab to create and aim an intense neutrino beam of appropriate energy range toward the DUNE detectors at the SURF facility in Lead, South Dakota. Neutrino production starts in the Target Station, which consists of a solid target, magnetic focusing horns, and the associated sub-systems and shielding infrastructure. Protons hit the target producing mesons which are then focused by the horns into a helium-filled decay pipe where they decay into muons and neutrinos. The target and horns are encased in actively …
The Linac to End Station A (LESA) beamline is being constructed at SLAC and will provide a near-CW beam of multi-GeV electrons to the SLAC End Station A for experiments in particle physics. The 1st half of LESA is ready for commissioning at the end of FY22 and the full beamline will be operational Q1 FY24. The low-current multi-GeV electron beam is produced parasitically by the superconducting RF (SRF) linac for the LCLS-II/LCLS-II-HE X-ray Free Electron Laser. LESA is designed to host experiments to detect light dark matter such as the Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) as well as a wide ran…
The SASE3 soft X-ray beamline at the European XFEL has been designed and built to provide experiments with pink or monochromatic beam in the photon energy range 250 eV - 3000 eV. Here, we focus on the monochromatic operation of the SASE3 beamline and report on design and performance of the SASE3 grating monochromator. The unique capability of an FEL source to produce short femtosecond pulses of high degree of coherence challenges the monochromator design by a demand to control both photon energy and temporal resolution. The aim to transport close to transform-limited pulses poses very high dem…
This paper describes simulation analyses on beam and laser (X-ray)-driven accelerations in effective nanotube models obtained from Vsim and EPOCH codes. Experimental setups to detect wakefields are also outlined with accelerator facilities at Fermilab and NIU. In the FAST facility, the electron beamline was successfully commissioned at 50 MeV and it is being upgraded toward higher energies for electron accelerator R&D. The 50 MeV injector beamline of the facility is used for X-ray crystal-channeling radiation with a diamond target. It has been proposed to utilize the same diamond crystal for a…
Resonant scattering and diffraction beamline P09 at PETRA III
PETRA III的共振散射和衍射光束线P09是为需要小光束、能量可调、可变偏振和高光子通量的X射线实验而设计的。它在光束尺寸方面非常灵活，并提供完全的高次谐波抑制。现有技术的双相位延迟器设置提供可变的线性或圆偏振。一台高精度的PSI衍射仪和一台水平PSI结构的重载衍射仪可以适应各种样品环境。14 T低温磁体可用于磁场中的散射实验。
We report the laser-plasma accelerator-based X-ray sources development at ELI beamlines. One of the main objectives of ELI Beamlines is to provide beams of ultrashort particle and complex X-ray sources to users from various research fields. Two hard X-ray betatron sources with high photon flux based on laser-plasma acceleration (LPA) are being commissioned. The first source is the Gammatron beamline located in Experimental Hall E2. It provides X-ray pulses of energies from 1-100 keV in betatron and up to a MeV in Compton scheme. A novel X-ray optics has been designed as a focusing optics of th…
We propose a physical design of a compact all optical terahertz (THz)-driven electron source. The 300 mm accelerator beamline, powered by Joule level laser system, is easily to be integrated to tabletop scale. A dual-feed THz-driven electron gun with an exponential impedance, a tapered dielectric loaded cylindrical waveguide, THz-driven bunch compressors and permanent magnet solenoids (PMS) have been designed and optimized. Dynamics simulations show that the electron source can deliver a 19 fC, 3 MeV electron beams with a normalized transverse emittance of 0.079 π.mm.mrad. A minimum relative e…
We have constructed a new laser-Compton-scattering facility, called the LEPS2 beamline, at the 8-GeV electron storage ring, SPring-8. This facility provides a linearly polarized photon beam in a tagged energy range of 1.3--2.4 GeV. Thanks to a small divergence of the low-emittance storage-ring electrons, the tagged photon beam has a size (sigma) suppressed to about 4 mm even after it travels about 130 m to the experimental building that is independent of the storage ring building and contains large detector systems. This beamline is designed to achieve a photon beam intensity higher than that …
This paper investigates the feasibility of re-purposing the MuCool Test Area (MTA) beamline and experimental hall to support a Muon Spin Resonance (MuSR) facility, which would make it the only such facility in the US. This report reviews the basic muon production concepts studied and operationally implemented at TRIUMF, PSI, and RAL and their application in the context of the MTA facility. Two scenarios were determined feasible. One, an initial minimal-shielding and capital-cost investment stage with a single secondary muon beamline that utilizes an existing high-intensity beam absorber and, a…
The ENUBET ERC project (2016-2021) is studying a facility based on a narrow band beam capable of constraining the neutrino fluxes normalization through the monitoring of the associated charged leptons in an instrumented decay tunnel. A key element of the project is the design and optimization of the hadronic beamline. In this proceeding we present progress on the studies of the proton extraction schemes. We also show a realistic implementation and simulation of the beamline.
Compared with conventional accelerators, laser plasma accelerators can generate high energy ions at a greatly reduced scale, due to their TV/m acceleration gradient. A compact laser plasma accelerator (CLAPA) has been built at the Institute of Heavy Ion Physics at Peking University. It will be used for applied research like biological irradiation, astrophysics simulations, etc. A beamline system with multiple quadrupoles and an analyzing magnet for laser-accelerated ions is proposed here. Since laser-accelerated ion beams have broad energy spectra and large angular divergence, the parameters (…
Fermilab has submitted two Snowmass whitepapers on a future 2.4~MW upgrade for DUNE/LBNF featuring a 2 GeV extension of the PIP-II linac and the construction of a new rapid-cycling-synchrotron. This paper summarizes the relationship between these two scenarios, emphasizing the commonalities and tracing the differences to their original design questions. In addition to a high-level summary of the two 2.4~MW upgrade scenarios, there is a brief discussion of staging, beamline capabilities, subsequent upgrades, and relevant R\&D. We are proposing a vigorous program to address various challenges as…
A 1-5 MeV proton beamline is being built by the Turkish Atomic Energy Authority in collaboration with a number of graduate students from different universities. The primary goal of the project, is to acquire the design ability and manufacturing capability of all the components locally. SPP will be an accelerator and beam diagnostics test facility and it will also serve the detector development community with its low beam current. This paper discusses the design and construction of the RF power supply and the RF transmission line components such as its waveguide converters and its circulator. A…
Feasibility demonstration of a high-momentum, high-purity muon beamline at the J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility
Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), The University of Osaka（大阪大学核物理研究中心）；Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)（高能加速器研究机构粒子与核研究研究所）；Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica（中央研究院物理学研究所）；Department of Physics, Graduate school of Science, Kyoto University（京都大学理学研究科物理学系）；Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Osaka（大阪大学理学研究科物理学系）；Center for Science Adventure and Collaborative Research Advancement (SACRA), Graduate school of Science, Kyoto University（京都大学理学研究科科学冒险与协同研究推进中心）
