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arXiv 1502.00504astro-ph.GAphysics.chem-ph
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星际冰形成期间选择性解吸机制的影响

The effect of selective desorption mechanisms during interstellar ice formation

Juris Kalvans

摘要:

分子云中星际颗粒上冰的主要成分--水和碳氧化物--出现在不同的光学深度。这意味着选择性解吸机制在起作用。本文提出了一个收缩的低质量分子云核的天体化学模型。冰被视为由表面和三个次表层(亚层)组成。研究了光脱附、反应脱附和间接反应脱附。后者通过H+H反应在颗粒上的脱附而表现出来。包括浅层地下物质的解吸。模拟结果表明,在核心收缩的早期阶段存在一个“光子主导的冰”。地下冰被星际光子化学处理,产生复杂的有机分子。从地下层解吸的结果在高COM气相丰度在Av = 2.4…10弹匣这可能有助于解释暗核中的COM观测。结果发现,光解吸主要支配的开始冰积累到颗粒。反应特异性反应解吸对于通过高度放热的原子加成反应形成的小分子是有效的。较高的反应脱附效率导致较低的COMs气相丰度。间接反应解吸允许密切再现所观察到的H2O:CO:CO2的比例对一些背景恒星。据推测,这可以通过其效率符合顺序CO > CO2 >> H2O的任何机理来实现。在冻结结束后,这三个亚层代表了地幔化学上不同的部分。8... 10.5 mag是CO冰出现的可能AV阈值。较低的数值得到了观察结果的支持。

英文摘要:

Major components of ices on interstellar grains in molecular clouds - water and carbon oxides - occur at various optical depths. This implies that selective desorption mechanisms are at work. An astrochemical model of a contracting low-mass molecular cloud core is presented. Ice was treated as consisting of the surface and three subsurface layers (sublayers). Photodesorption, reactive desorption, and indirect reactive desorption were investigated. The latter manifests itself through desorption from H+H reaction on grains. Desorption of shallow subsurface species was included. Modeling results suggest the existence of a "photon-dominated ice" during the early phases of core contraction. Subsurface ice is chemically processed by interstellar photons, which produces complex organic molecules. Desorption from the subsurface layer results in high COM gas-phase abundances at Av = 2.4...10mag. This may contribute towards an explanation for COM observations in dark cores. It was found that photodesorption mostly governs the onset of ice accumulation onto grains. Reaction-specific reactive desorption is efficient for small molecules that form via highly exothermic atom-addition reactions. Higher reactive desorption efficiency results in lower gas-phase abundances of COMs. Indirect reactive desorption allows to closely reproduce the observed H2O:CO:CO2 ratio towards a number of background stars. Presumably this can be done by any mechanism whose efficiency fits with the sequence CO > CO2 >> H2O. After the freeze-out has ended, the three sublayers represent chemically distinct parts of the mantle. 8...10.5mag is the likely AV threshold for the appearance of CO ice. The lower value is supported by observations.

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