适应性进化中波动与响应的全局关系
Global Relationships in Fluctuation and Response in Adaptive Evolution
摘要：
细胞通常会改变其内部状态以适应环境变化，并相应地进化以应对新的条件。这一过程涉及在几个不同的时间尺度上发生的表型变化，从基因组序列没有相应变化的更快的环境适应到涉及基因突变和随后选择的较慢的演化动力学。在这方面，出现了一个问题，即是否有任何关系，这种表型变化在不同的时间尺度上发生的适应性进化。在这项研究中，我们分析了模拟适应性进化在一个简单的细胞模型，并发现之间的比例在适应和进化的所有组件的浓度变化，比例系数是密切相关的细胞的生长速度的变化。此外，我们证明了由于（非遗传）噪声和基因组变异导致的组分浓度的表型方差在所有组分中均成比例。细胞状态中的这些全局关系也得到了现象学理论和{ \it Escherichia coli}实验室进化的转录组分析的支持。这些发现提供了一个基础的可塑性和鲁棒性的定量理论的发展，并确定进化所施加的表型变化的一般限制。
英文摘要：
Cells generally change their internal state to adapt to an environmental change, and accordingly evolve in response to the new conditions. This process involves phenotypic changes that occur over several different time scales, ranging from faster environmental adaptation without a corresponding change in the genomic sequence to slower evolutionary dynamics involving genetic mutations and subsequent selection. In this regard, a question arises as to whether there are any relationships between such phenotypic changes over the different time scales at which adaptive evolution occurs. In this study, we analyzed simulated adaptive evolution in a simple cell model, and found that proportionality between concentration changes in adaptation and evolution over all components, and the proportion coefficients were closely linked to the change in the growth rate of a cell. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the phenotypic variances in component concentrations due to (non-genetic) noise and genomic alternations are proportional across all components. These global relationships in cellular states were also supported by phenomenological theory and transcriptome analysis of laboratory evolution in {\it Escherichia coli}. These findings provide a basis for the development of a quantitative theory of plasticity and robustness, and to determine the general restriction of phenotypic changes imposed by evolution.
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