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arXiv 1411.7813cond-mat.quant-gasphysics.atom-phquant-ph
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超冷原子的位置相关自旋轨道耦合

Position-dependent spin-orbit coupling for ultracold atoms

S. -W. Su, S. -C. Gou, I. -K. Liu, I. B. Spielman, L. Santos, A. Acus, A. Mekys, J. Ruseckas, G. Juzeliūnas

摘要:

本文从理论上研究了自旋轨道耦合(SOC)与原子位置相关的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)。这种SOC可以通过在与共振的失谐取决于位置的环境中循环地激光耦合四个内部原子基态(或亚稳态)来产生。由此产生的自旋-轨道耦合BEC相分离成域,每个域都包含沿x或y方向排列的密度调制-条纹。在每个域中,条纹取向由局部失谐的符号确定。当这些条纹沿着畴边界具有不匹配的空间周期时,在界面处形成非平凡的拓扑自旋纹理,包括Skyrmions样的自旋涡旋和反涡旋。与传统旋转BEC中存在的涡旋相反,这些自旋涡旋是稳定的拓扑缺陷,其不存在于相应的均匀条纹相位自旋轨道耦合BEC中。

英文摘要:

We theoretically explore atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) subject to position-dependent spin-orbit coupling (SOC). This SOC can be produced by cyclically laser coupling four internal atomic ground (or metastable) states in an environment where the detuning from resonance depends on position. The resulting spin-orbit coupled BEC phase-separates into domains, each of which contain density modulations - stripes - aligned either along the x or y direction. In each domain, the stripe orientation is determined by the sign of the local detuning. When these stripes have mismatched spatial periods along domain boundaries, non-trivial topological spin textures form at the interface, including skyrmions-like spin vortices and anti-vortices. In contrast to vortices present in conventional rotating BECs, these spin-vortices are stable topological defects that are not present in the corresponding homogenous stripe-phase spin-orbit coupled BECs.

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