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arXiv 1411.2437quant-phcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.stat-mech
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用于最佳测温的单个量子探针

Individual quantum probes for optimal thermometry

Luis A. Correa, Mohammad Mehboudi, Gerardo Adesso, Anna Sanpera

摘要:

样品的未知温度可以通过使其与单独的量子探针热接触而以最小的干扰来估计。如果相互作用时间足够长,使探头热化,则可以直接从其稳定状态读取温度。本文证明了最佳量子探针是一个具有最大简并激发态的有效二能级原子,它可以作为具有最大热灵敏度的温度计。当总的相互作用时间不足以产生充分的热化,我们优化的估计协议,将其分解成连续的阶段,探针的准备,热接触和测量。我们观察到,经常询问的探针初始化在基态实现最佳性能。对于完全热化和部分热化温度计,灵敏度随着能级数量的增加而显著增加,但对其能谱的优化始终至关重要。

英文摘要:

The unknown temperature of a sample may be estimated with minimal disturbance by putting it in thermal contact with an individual quantum probe. If the interaction time is sufficiently long so that the probe thermalizes, the temperature can be read out directly from its steady state. Here we prove that the optimal quantum probe, acting as a thermometer with maximal thermal sensitivity, is an effective two-level atom with a maximally degenerate excited state. When the total interaction time is insufficient to produce full thermalization, we optimize the estimation protocol by breaking it down into sequential stages of probe preparation, thermal contact and measurement. We observe that frequently interrogated probes initialized in the ground state achieve the best performance. For both fully and partly thermalized thermometers, the sensitivity grows significantly with the number of levels, though optimization over their energy spectrum remains always crucial.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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