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arXiv 1912.02442quant-ph
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欧姆环境温度的双量子位量子探针

Two-qubit quantum probes for the temperature of an Ohmic environment

Francesca Gebbia, Claudia Benedetti, Fabio Benatti, Roberto Floreanini, Matteo Bina, Matteo G. A. Paris

摘要:

我们解决了一个特殊的情况下,开放量子系统可以用作量子探针的涌现性质的复杂系统,作为温度的热浴。量子探针对退相干的固有脆弱性是使整个方案非常敏感的关键特征。这里检查的具体设置是量子测温法,其目的是利用退相干作为资源来估计样品的温度。我们专注于在欧姆制度(从亚欧姆到超欧姆)的平衡玻色子浴的温度估计,通过使用不同初始状态的量子比特对,并与不同的环境相互作用,包括一个单一的热浴,或在相同的温度下的两个独立的。我们的计划涉及纯移相的探针,从而避免与样品的能量交换和随之而来的扰动温度本身。我们讨论了探头之间的相关性和浴内的相关性之间的相互作用,并表明,纠缠在短时间内提高测温,而如果相互作用时间不受约束,相干性,而不是纠缠,是量子测温的关键资源。

英文摘要:

We address a particular instance where open quantum systems may be used as quantum probes for an emergent property of a complex system, as the temperature of a thermal bath. The inherent fragility of the quantum probes against decoherence is the key feature making the overall scheme very sensitive. The specific setting examined here is that of quantum thermometry, which aims to exploits decoherence as resource to estimate the temperature of a sample. We focus on temperature estimation for a bosonic bath at equilibrium in the Ohmic regime (ranging from sub-Ohmic to super- Ohmic), by using pairs of qubits in different initial states and interacting with different environments, consisting either of a single thermal bath, or of two independent ones at the same temperature. Our scheme involves pure dephasing of the probes, thus avoiding energy exchange with the sample and the consequent perturbation of temperature itself. We discuss the interplay between correlations among the probes and correlations within the bath, and show that entanglement improves thermometry at short times whereas, if the interaction time is not constrained, coherence rather than entanglement, is the key resource in quantum thermometry.

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