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arXiv 2108.10469quant-ph
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用于超精密低温测温的测温机

Thermometric machine for ultraprecise thermometry of low temperatures

Ivan Henao, Karen V. Hovhannisyan, Raam Uzdin

摘要:

热平衡状态在非常低的温度下是指数难以区分的,使得在这种情况下的平衡量子测温成为一项艰巨的任务。我们提出了一个测温方案,绕过这一限制,通过使用两个级别的探针,不与样品的温度进行测量的热化。这是可能的,由于一个合适的相互作用,耦合探针的样品和辅助热浴已知是在一个更高的温度。提供一个合理的上限的样品的温度,所产生的“测温机器”驱动探头朝向一个稳定的状态,其信噪比可以达到高达$\mathcal{O}(1/T)$的值。我们还描述了瞬态的探针和数值说明了一个极端的测量的数量减少,以达到一个给定的精度,相比,最佳的测量热化探针。

英文摘要:

Thermal equilibrium states are exponentially hard to distinguish at very low temperatures, making equilibrium quantum thermometry in this regime a formidable task. We present a thermometric scheme that circumvents this limitation, by using a two-level probe that does not thermalize with the sample whose temperature is measured. This is made possible thanks to a suitable interaction that couples the probe to the sample and to an auxiliary thermal bath known to be at a higher temperature. Provided a reasonable upper bound on the temperature of the sample, the resulting 'thermometric machine' drives the probe towards a steady state whose signal-to-noise ratio can achieve values as high as $\mathcal{O}(1/T)$. We also characterize the transient state of the probe and numerically illustrate an extreme reduction in the number of measurements to attain a given precision, as compared to optimal measurements on a thermalized probe.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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