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arXiv 2302.03061quant-phcond-mat.stat-mech
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能量测量在弱耦合之外仍然保持热力学最优性

Energy measurements remain thermometrically optimal beyond weak coupling

Jonas Glatthard, Karen V. Hovhannisyan, Martí Perarnau-Llobet, Luis A. Correa, Harry J. D. Miller

AI总结:

本文发展了一套有限耦合量子测温的二阶微扰理论,证明仅靠探针局域能量测量即可达到终极测温精度,并给出量子费舍尔信息的闭式表达式,为强耦合场景下的量子测温提供了理论工具。

摘要:

我们发展了一套适用于有限耦合量子测温的通用微扰理论,精确到探针-样品相互作用的二阶。根据假设,探针和样品处于热平衡状态,因此探针由平均力吉布斯态描述。我们证明,仅通过对探针进行局域能量测量,就能在耦合的二阶精度下达到终极测温精度。因此,在该区域内,试图从相干性中提取温度信息或设计自适应方案并不会带来实际优势。此外,我们给出了量子费舍尔信息的闭式表达式,该表达式刻画了探针对温度变化的敏感度。最后,我们用两个简单例子验证并展示了我们公式的易用性。我们的形式体系不对动力学时间尺度的分离或探针与样品的性质作任何假设。因此,通过为热敏感度及实现该敏感度的最优测量提供解析性洞见,我们的结果为在有限耦合效应不可忽略的装置中实现量子测温铺平了道路。

英文摘要:

We develop a general perturbative theory of finite-coupling quantum thermometry up to second order in probe-sample interaction. By assumption, the probe and sample are in thermal equilibrium, so the probe is described by the mean-force Gibbs state. We prove that the ultimate thermometric precision can be achieved - to second order in the coupling - solely by means of local energy measurements on the probe. Hence, seeking to extract temperature information from coherences or devising adaptive schemes confers no practical advantage in this regime. Additionally, we provide a closed-form expression for the quantum Fisher information, which captures the probe's sensitivity to temperature variations. Finally, we benchmark and illustrate the ease of use of our formulas with two simple examples. Our formalism makes no assumptions about separation of dynamical timescales or the nature of either the probe or the sample. Therefore, by providing analytical insight into both the thermal sensitivity and the optimal measurement for achieving it, our results pave the way for quantum thermometry in setups where finite-coupling effects cannot be ignored.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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