最优控制以最小化开放量子系统中的耗散和波动（超越慢速和快速极限）
Optimal Control to Minimize Dissipation and Fluctuations in Open Quantum Systems Beyond Slow and Rapid Regimes
AI总结：
本文通过数值优化驱动协议，发现开放量子系统在中间时间尺度上表现出不同于传统极限的最优结构，尤其在相干自旋-玻色模型中，最优协议在耗散与波动权重变化时出现不连续切换。
摘要：
最优控制是量子热力学中的核心问题。在开放量子系统中，当通过两点测量方案定义耗散功和功波动时，现有方法主要集中在快速和慢速驱动极限，留下中间时间尺度的行为不明。本文通过数值优化驱动协议，证明开放量子系统表现出不同于传统极限的最优结构。具体而言，在相干自旋-玻色模型中，发现最优协议在耗散与波动权重变化时出现不连续切换。此外，在单能级量子点耦合到费米子共振时，优化后的协议发展出具有特征多步结构的协议。
英文摘要：
Optimal control is a central problem in quantum thermodynamics. When minimizing dissipated work and work fluctuations defined via the two-point measurement scheme in open quantum systems, existing approaches largely focus on the rapid- and slow-driving limits, leaving the behavior at intermediate timescales elusive. In this work, by numerically optimizing the driving protocols, we demonstrate that the open quantum systems exhibit distinct optimal structures not captured by the conventional limits. Specifically, in the coherent spin-boson model, we find that the optimal protocol switches discontinuously between distinct locally optimal solutions as the relative weight between dissipation and fluctuations is varied. Furthermore, for a single-level quantum dot coupled to a fermionic reservoir, the optimized protocol develops a characteristic multi-step structure.
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