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arXiv 1409.0540astro-ph.HE
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核心坍缩超新星的中微子机制:中子星和黑洞质量函数、爆炸能量和镍产额

The Landscape of the Neutrino Mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernovae: Neutron Star and Black Hole Mass Functions, Explosion Energies and Nickel Yields

Ondrej Pejcha, Todd A. Thompson

摘要:

如果在大质量恒星核心坍缩期间形成的原中子星的中微子光度超过临界阈值,就会产生超新星(SN)。利用球形准静态演化序列,研究了爆炸阈值如何映射到观测量上,包括爆炸成功率、中子星(NS)和黑洞(BH)的质量函数、爆炸能量(E_SN)和镍产额(M_Ni),以及它们之间的相互关系.成功的爆炸与失败以复杂的模式交织在一起,这种模式不仅仅与最初的祖先质量或紧凑性有关。我们预测,初始质量为15 +/-1,19 +/-1和21-26 M_Sun的母星最有可能形成BH,BH的形成概率在太阳金属丰度下为非零,在低金属丰度下显著增加,低光度、低Ni产额的SNe来自靠近成功/失败界面的母星。我们定性地再现了观测到的E_SN-M_Ni相关性,预测了NS质量分布和E_SN分布的平均值和宽度之间的相关性,以及NS质量分布和BH质量分布的平均值之间的相关性。我们发现,观测到的平均NS质量约为1.33 M_Sun意味着成功的爆炸分数高于0.35。总之,我们表明,中微子机制可以在原则上解释所观察到的SNe及其紧凑的对象的属性。我们认为,祖细胞和结果的崎岖景观的任务,SN理论应该专注于复制广泛的分布观察SN属性。

英文摘要:

If the neutrino luminosity from the proto-neutron star formed during a massive star core collapse exceeds a critical threshold, a supernova (SN) results. Using spherical quasi-static evolutionary sequences for hundreds of progenitors over a range of metallicities, we study how the explosion threshold maps onto observables, including the fraction of successful explosions, the neutron star (NS) and black hole (BH) mass functions, the explosion energies (E_SN) and nickel yields (M_Ni), and their mutual correlations. Successful explosions are intertwined with failures in a complex pattern that is not simply related to initial progenitor mass or compactness. We predict that progenitors with initial masses of 15 +/- 1, 19 +/- 1, and 21-26 M_Sun are most likely to form BHs, that the BH formation probability is non-zero at solar-metallicity and increases significantly at low metallicity, and that low luminosity, low Ni-yield SNe come from progenitors close to success/failure interfaces. We qualitatively reproduce the observed E_SN-M_Ni correlation, we predict a correlation between the mean and width of the NS mass and E_SN distributions, and that the means of the NS and BH mass distributions are correlated. We show that the observed mean NS mass of ~1.33 M_Sun implies that the successful explosion fraction is higher than 0.35. Overall, we show that the neutrino mechanism can in principle explain the observed properties of SNe and their compact objects. We argue that the rugged landscape of progenitors and outcomes mandates that SN theory should focus on reproducing the wide ranging distributions of observed SN properties.

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