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arXiv 1502.03111astro-ph.HE
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旋转大质量恒星的热核爆炸可以解释核心坍塌超新星

Thermonuclear explosion of rotating massive stars could explain core-collapse supernovae

Doron Kushnir

摘要:

人们普遍认为,核心坍缩超新星(CCSNe),即大质量恒星在恒星铁核心坍缩后的爆炸,是由于中微子的能量沉积而产生的。到目前为止,这种情况还没有从基本原理中得到证明。Kushnir和Katz(2014)最近通过一维模拟表明,如果中微子未能爆炸恒星,那么对于某些(调谐的)初始轮廓,外层的热核爆炸是可能的。然而,释放的能量很小,并且获得的喷出的$^{56}$ Ni的量可以忽略不计,这意味着这些一维塌缩诱导热核爆炸(CITE)不太可能代表典型的CCSNe。在这里,我提供的证据支持的情况下,大多数CCSNe是CITE的结果。我使用二维模拟来表明,恒星的坍缩,包括缓慢(百分之几的分裂)旋转$\sim0.1-10\,M_{\odot}$混合氦氧壳,导致热核爆炸波的点燃,解开恒星的外层。对具有不同性质的大质量恒星的模拟表明,CITE是一个稳健的过程,并导致动能在$10^{49}-10^{52}\,\textrm{erg}$范围内的爆炸,$^{56}$ Ni产额高达$\sim\,M_{\odot}$,这是相关的,与大多数CCSNe的观测结果一致。与中微子机制相反,更强的爆炸被预测来自更高质量的祖先,留下更多质量的残余物。中子星产生于弱($\lt10^{51}\,\textrm{erg}$)爆炸,而强($\gt10^{51}\,\textrm{erg}$)爆炸留下黑洞残余。

英文摘要:

It is widely thought that core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), the explosions of massive stars following the collapse of the stars' iron cores, is obtained due to energy deposition by neutrinos. So far, this scenario was not demonstrated from first principles. Kushnir and Katz (2014) have recently shown, by using one-dimensional simulations, that if the neutrinos failed to explode the star, a thermonuclear explosion of the outer shells is possible for some (tuned) initial profiles. However, the energy released was small and negligible amounts of ejected $^{56}$Ni were obtained, implying that these one-dimensional collapse induced thermonuclear explosions (CITE) are unlikely to represent typical CCSNe. Here I provide evidence supporting a scenario in which the majority of CCSNe are the result of CITE. I use two-dimensional simulations to show that collapse of stars that include slowly (few percent of breakup) rotating $\sim0.1-10\,M_{\odot}$ shells of mixed helium-oxygen, leads to an ignition of a thermonuclear detonation wave that unbinds the stars' outer layers. Simulations of massive stars with different properties show that CITE is a robust process, and results in explosions with kinetic energies in the range of $10^{49}-10^{52}\,\textrm{erg}$, and $^{56}$Ni yields of up to $\sim\,M_{\odot}$, which are correlated, in agreement with observations for the majority of CCSNe. Stronger explosions are predicted from higher mass progenitors that leave more massive remnants, in contrast to the neutrino mechanism. Neutron stars are produced in weak ($\lt10^{51}\,\textrm{erg}$) explosions, while strong ($\gt10^{51}\,\textrm{erg}$) explosions leave black hole remnants.

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