用Zwicky瞬变工厂约束Ia型超新星爆炸和早期通量过剩
Constraining Type Ia supernova explosions and early flux excesses with the Zwicky Transient Factory
摘要：
在时域测量的新时代，Ia型超新星在爆炸后很快就被捕获，这暴露了它们早期光变曲线的显着变化。早期演化的两个驱动因素是镍在喷出物中的分布和各种原因导致的通量过剩。我们对迄今为止最大的年轻超新星样本进行了分析。我们比较了115个超新星Ia光变曲线从Zwicky瞬态设施的海龟模型网格包含的光变曲线与范围内的镍质量，镍分布和爆炸能量的质量爆炸。我们发现，我们所观察到的光变曲线的大部分都很好地再现了具有高度扩展的镍分布的偏好的Meskrasekhar质量爆炸模型。我们确定六个超新星Ia与我们的G-和R-波段数据（四个“蓝色”和两个“红色”通量过剩）的早期通量过剩。我们发现在z < 0.07的Ia超新星中，早期通量过剩的固有率为18+/-11%，基于30个观测到的Ia超新星中的三个（10%）探测到的通量过剩，模拟效率为57%，这与文献中的通量过剩率相当，但也解释了探测效率。其中两个事件大多与CSM相互作用一致，而其他四个具有较长的寿命与同伴相互作用和镍块模型一致。我们发现，在类似91 T/99 aa的事件中，通量过剩的频率更高（44+/-13%）。
英文摘要：
In the new era of time-domain surveys Type Ia supernovae are being caught sooner after explosion, which has exposed significant variation in their early light curves. Two driving factors for early time evolution are the distribution of nickel in the ejecta and the presence of flux excesses of various causes. We perform an analysis of the largest young SN Ia sample to date. We compare 115 SN Ia light curves from the Zwicky Transient Facility to the turtls model grid containing light curves of Chandrasekhar-mass explosions with a range of nickel masses, nickel distributions and explosion energies. We find that the majority of our observed light curves are well reproduced by Chandrasekhar-mass explosion models with a preference for highly extended nickel distributions. We identify six SNe Ia with an early-time flux excess in our g- and r-band data (four `blue' and two `red' flux excesses). We find an intrinsic rate of 18+/-11 per cent of early flux excesses in SNe Ia at z < 0.07, based on three detected flux excesses out of 30 (10 per cent) observed SNe Ia with a simulated efficiency of 57 per cent. This is comparable to rates of flux excesses in the literature but also accounts for detection efficiencies. Two of these events are mostly consistent with CSM interaction, while the other four have longer lifetimes in agreement with companion interaction and nickel-clump models. We find a higher frequency of flux excesses in 91T/99aa-like events (44+/-13 per cent).
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