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arXiv 1409.0150cond-mat.mes-hall
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自旋的几何量子噪声

Geometric Quantum Noise of Spin

Alexander Shnirman, Yuval Gefen, Arijit Saha, Igor S. Burmistrov, Mikhail N. Kiselev, Alexander Altland

摘要:

已知几何相位的存在会影响所涉及的系统的动力学。在这里,我们考虑一个量子自由度,在耗散环境中移动,其动力学描述的朗之万方程与量子噪声。我们表明,几何相位进入随机噪声项。具体而言,我们认为小铁磁颗粒(纳米磁体)或量子点接近斯通纳不稳定性,并研究在存在隧道耦合的金属引线的总磁化的动力学。我们将AES有效作用量和相应的半经典运动方程从电荷自由度的U(1)情形推广到磁化强度的SU(2)情形。这些方程中的朗之万力(扭矩)受到几何相位的强烈影响。作为第一个但不平凡的应用,我们预测低温量子扩散的磁化布洛赫球,这是由几何相位。我们提出了一个实验观察这种现象的协议。

英文摘要:

The presence of geometric phases is known to affect the dynamics of the systems involved. Here we consider a quantum degree of freedom, moving in a dissipative environment, whose dynamics is described by a Langevin equation with quantum noise. We show that geometric phases enter the stochastic noise terms. Specifically, we consider small ferromagnetic particles (nano-magnets) or quantum dots close to Stoner instability, and investigate the dynamics of the total magnetization in the presence of tunneling coupling to the metallic leads. We generalize the Ambegaokar-Eckern-Schön (AES) effective action and the corresponding semiclassical equations of motion from the U(1) case of the charge degree of freedom to the SU(2) case of the magnetization. The Langevin forces (torques) in these equations are strongly influenced by the geometric phase. As a first but nontrivial application we predict low temperature quantum diffusion of the magnetization on the Bloch sphere, which is governed by the geometric phase. We propose a protocol for experimental observation of this phenomenon.

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