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arXiv 1408.4145astro-ph.HE
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中子星和恒星质量黑洞的质量和自旋

The Masses and Spins of Neutron Stars and Stellar-Mass Black Holes

M. Coleman Miller, Jon M. Miller

摘要:

恒星质量的黑洞和中子星代表了重力、密度和磁场的极端情况。因此,它们是研究物理学多个前沿领域的关键对象。此外,它们的起源(主要是在核心坍缩的超新星中)和演化(通过吸积,或者对于中子星,磁自旋和重新配置)触及天体物理学中的多个开放问题。在这篇评论中,我们讨论了当前的质量和自旋的测量和它们的可靠性中子星和恒星质量的黑洞,以及整体的重要性,自旋和质量的紧凑对象天体物理学。目前的质量主要是通过电磁观测双星,虽然未来的微透镜观测承诺大大提高我们的理解。中子星的自旋很容易测量,但中子星的诞生自旋却很难确定。相比之下,即使是恒星质量的黑洞目前的自旋也很难测量。正如我们所讨论的,通过分析铁线和连续辐射,在黑洞自旋估计方面取得了重大进展,当这两种类型的估计对单个物体都是可能的时,它们之间存在合理的一致性,并且未来的X射线偏振测量可能提供额外的独立信息。最后,我们通过探索未来的引力波探测,这有望彻底改变我们对强引力和紧凑物体的理解质量和自旋测量的令人兴奋的前景。

英文摘要:

Stellar-mass black holes and neutron stars represent extremes in gravity, density, and magnetic fields. They therefore serve as key objects in the study of multiple frontiers of physics. In addition, their origin (mainly in core-collapse supernovae) and evolution (via accretion or, for neutron stars, magnetic spindown and reconfiguration) touch upon multiple open issues in astrophysics. In this review, we discuss current mass and spin measurements and their reliability for neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes, as well as the overall importance of spins and masses for compact object astrophysics. Current masses are obtained primarily through electromagnetic observations of binaries, although future microlensing observations promise to enhance our understanding substantially. The spins of neutron stars are straightforward to measure for pulsars, but the birth spins of neutron stars are more difficult to determine. In contrast, even the current spins of stellar-mass black holes are challenging to measure. As we discuss, major inroads have been made in black hole spin estimates via analysis of iron lines and continuum emission, with reasonable agreement when both types of estimate are possible for individual objects, and future X-ray polarization measurements may provide additional independent information. We conclude by exploring the exciting prospects for mass and spin measurements from future gravitational wave detections, which are expected to revolutionize our understanding of strong gravity and compact objects.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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