中子星的黄金时代：从强子到夸克
The Golden Era of Neutron Stars: from Hadrons to Quarks
摘要：
中子星最早是在30年代初被提出的，60年代末被发现为中子星;然而，直到最近，我们才开始了解它们所包含的物质。本次演讲描述了中子星内部液体的一致性图像的持续发展，由四个进展驱动：两个重中子星的观测与质量$\simeq$ 2.0太阳质量;质量和半径的推断同时为越来越多的中子星在低质量X射线双星，未来的测定通过NICER天文台;通过引力波和电磁波谱观测到的中子星合并双星GW 170817，以及QCD中对核物质如何在内部转变为去限制夸克物质的新认识。我们描述了现代夸克-强子交叉状态方程QHC 18和相应的中子星，它们与目前的观测结果符合得很好。
英文摘要：
Neutron stars were first posited in the early thirties, and discovered as pulsars in late sixties; however, only recently are we beginning to understand the matter they contain. This talk describes the continuing development of a consistent picture of the liquid interiors of neutron stars, driven by four advances: observations of two heavy neutron stars with masses $\simeq$ 2.0 solar masses; inferences of masses and radii simultaneously for an increasing number of neutron stars in low mass X-ray binaries, and future determinations via the NICER observatory; the observation of the binary neutron star merger, GW170817, through gravitational waves as well as across the electromagnetic spectrum; and an emerging understanding in QCD of how nuclear matter can turn into deconfined quark matter in the interior. We describe the modern quark-hadron crossover equation of state, QHC18, and the corresponding neutron stars, which agree well with current observations.
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