质子超导性与中子星的质量
Proton superconductivity and the masses of neutron stars
摘要：
仙后座A超新星遗迹（简称Cas A）中中子星的温度演化引起了人们对中子星冷却机制的极大兴趣。特别是在中子星核心深处形成超导质子和超流中子，成为讨论的焦点。这封信的目的是为这一讨论增加一个新的方面，它集中在质子超导性和中子星质量之间的联系上。假设（目前的情况下），Cas A的温度演化在很大程度上是由超导质子控制，我们研究了一系列的现象学质子配对模型，以确定如何深入到恒星核心超导质子实际渗透。这使我们能够在Cas A中的中子星的质量和超导质子相的穿透深度之间建立一个迄今未知的关系。这种关系可以用来预测超导质子相的深度，或者相反，从超致密中子星物质中质子超导相的大小的可靠计算中确定Cas A的质量。我们强调，本文概述的策略可以应用于任何其他类似年龄的中子星，其温度可能会在几年内得到可靠的监测。高质量的中子星，如最近发现的中子星J1614-2230（$1.97 \pm 0.04\, \msun$）和J 0348 +0432（$2.01 \pm 0.04 \, \msun$），似乎特别有吸引力，因为它们的核心中有很大一部分质子可能是超导的。
英文摘要：
The unexpected temperature evolution of the neutron star in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant (Cas A, for short) has renewed tremendous interest in the cooling mechanisms of neutron stars. In particular, the formation of superconducting protons and superfluid neutrons deep inside the cores of neutron stars have become focal points of the discussion. The purpose of this letter is to add a new aspect to this discussion, which focuses on the connection between proton superconductivity and the masses of neutron stars. Assuming (as is currently the case) that the temperature evolution of Cas A is largely controlled by superconducting protons, we study a series of phenomenological proton-pairing models to determine how deep into the stellar core superconducting protons actually penetrate. This allows us to establish a heretofore unknown relationship between the mass of the neutron star in Cas A and the penetration depth of the superconducting proton phase. This relationship can be used to either predict the depth of the superconducting proton phase, or, conversely, determine the mass of Cas A from a reliable calculation of the size of the proton superconducting phase in superdense neutron star matter. We emphasize that the strategy outlined in this paper can be applied to any other neutron star of similar age, whose temperature might be reliably monitored over a several years period. High-mass neutron stars, such as the recently discovered neutron stars J1614-2230 ($1.97 \pm 0.04\, \msun$) and J0348+0432 ($2.01 \pm 0.04 \, \msun$), appear particularly appealing as a significant fraction of the protons in their cores may be superconducting.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
