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arXiv 1407.7752quant-ph
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测量不确定度关系的直接检验:需要什么

Direct tests of measurement uncertainty relations: what it takes

Paul Busch, Neil Stevens

摘要:

不确定原理是量子力学的基石,令人惊讶的是,在近90年来一直没有直接测试测量不确定关系。这个缺陷是由于缺少两个基本要素:测量误差(和干扰)的适当度量,以及{ \em普遍有效}和{ \em可直接检验}的这种关系的精确公式。我们制定了两种不同形式的直接测试,基于不同的测量误差。我们提出了一个原型协议的测量不确定性关系的直接测试{ \em值偏差误差}(迄今被认为是不可行的),突出了缺乏这些关系的普遍性。这表明,制定普遍的,可直接测试的测量不确定度关系的{ \em状态相关}的误差措施仍然是一个重要的开放问题。最近的实验,声称构成海森伯的误差干扰关系的无效证明符合海森伯原理的精神,如果解释为直接测试的测量不确定性关系的误差措施,量化{ \em之间的距离观测}。

英文摘要:

The uncertainty principle being a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, it is surprising that in nearly 90 years there have been no direct tests of measurement uncertainty relations. This lacuna was due to the absence of two essential ingredients: appropriate measures of measurement error (and disturbance), and precise formulations of such relations that are {\em universally valid}and {\em directly testable}. We formulate two distinct forms of direct tests, based on different measures of error. We present a prototype protocol for a direct test of measurement uncertainty relations in terms of {\em value deviation errors} (hitherto considered nonfeasible), highlighting the lack of universality of these relations. This shows that the formulation of universal, directly testable measurement uncertainty relations for {\em state-dependent} error measures remains an important open problem. Recent experiments that were claimed to constitute invalidations of Heisenberg's error-disturbance relation are shown to conform with the spirit of Heisenberg's principle if interpreted as direct tests of measurement uncertainty relations for error measures that quantify {\em distances between observables}.

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