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arXiv 1407.2849astro-ph.SR
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在Pleiades中寻找自由漂浮的行星质量物体

Search for free-floating planetary-mass objects in the Pleiades

M. R. Zapatero Osorio, M. C. Gálvez Ortiz, G. Bihain, C. A. L. Bailer-Jones, R. Rebolo, Th. Henning, S. Boudreault, V. J. S. Béjar, B. Goldman, R. Mundt, J. A Caballero

摘要:

我们的目标是确定太阳金属量最小的人口,年轻(1.2亿年),附近(133.5 pc)的昴星团的最终目标是了解中等年龄,自由浮动,低质量的褐矮星和巨大的行星质量的物体的物理性质,并推导出在氘燃烧质量极限为~0.012 Msol的星团亚恒星质量函数。我们进行了深度测光和天体测量J-和H-波段测量,覆盖面积约为0.8 deg^2。间隔约9年(自行精度为+/-6 mas/yr)获得J、H ~ 20.2和~ 21.5 mag的完整和极限星等图像。J-和H-波段的数据补充Z,K,和中红外震级高达4.6微米来自UKIDSS,WISE,和我们自己的后续观测。选择的候选昴星团成员具有与星团一致的自行,并且颜色遵循已知的昴星团序列,间隔J = 15.5-8.8等,和Z_UKIDSS - J > 2.3 mag或J > 18.8 mag时Z未探测到。我们在J = 15.5- 18.8 mag的区间内发现了一个整齐的天体测量和光度测量的昴星团亚恒星候选成员序列。21.2 mag和~0.072-0.008 Msol。最暗的天体显示出非常红的近红外和中红外颜色,比高重力矮星的颜色高出0.5等。由于光球层甲烷的吸收量低至J = 20.3等,这比颜色计算模型预测的要暗1等,所以昴星团的光度序列没有显示出任何颜色转换。昂宿星团棕矮星的自行色散为6.4-7.5 mas/yr,在星团的年龄是动态松弛的。昂宿星团的质量函数向下延伸到氘燃烧质量阈值,其斜率与其他年轻星团和星协的斜率相当相似。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) We aim at identifying the least massive population of the solar metallicity, young (120 Myr), nearby (133.5 pc) Pleiades star cluster with the ultimate goal of understanding the physical properties of intermediate-age, free-floating, low-mass brown dwarfs and giant planetary-mass objects, and deriving the cluster substellar mass function across the deuterium-burning mass limit at ~0.012 Msol. We performed a deep photometric and astrometric J- and H-band survey covering an area of ~0.8 deg^2. The images with completeness and limiting magnitudes of J,H ~ 20.2 and ~ 21.5 mag were acquired ~9 yr apart (proper motion precision of +/-6 mas/yr). J- and H-band data were complemented with Z, K, and mid-infrared magnitudes up to 4.6 micron coming from UKIDSS, WISE, and follow-up observations of our own. Pleiades member candidates were selected to have proper motions compatible with that of the cluster, and colors following the known Pleiades sequence in the interval J = 15.5-8.8 mag, and Z_UKIDSS - J > 2.3 mag or Z nondetections for J > 18.8 mag. We found a neat sequence of astrometric and photometric Pleiades substellar member candidates in the intervals J = 15.5-21.2 mag and ~0.072-0.008 Msol. The faintest objects show very red near- and mid-infrared colors exceeding those of field high-gravity dwarfs by >0.5 mag. The Pleiades photometric sequence does not show any color turn-over because of the presence of photospheric methane absorption down to J = 20.3 mag, which is about 1 mag fainter than predicted by the color-computed models. Pleiades brown dwarfs have a proper motion dispersion of 6.4-7.5 mas/yr and are dynamically relaxed at the age of the cluster. The Pleiades mass function extends down to the deuterium burning-mass threshold, with a slope fairly similar to that of other young star clusters and stellar associations.

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