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arXiv 1407.0853astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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活动恒星周围地球质量行星的探测:开普勒-78b的质量

The Detection of Earth-mass Planets around Active Stars: The Mass of Kepler-78b

Artie P. Hatzes

摘要:

开普勒-78b是一颗在8.5小时轨道上的凌日行星,由开普勒太空任务发现。我们对开普勒-78的径向速度测量结果进行了分析,以获得行星质量的精确测量。开普勒-78是一颗活跃的恒星,由于活动引起的径向速度变化被使用浮动块偏移(FCO)方法去除,该方法通过允许各个夜晚的速度偏移变化来对数据进行轨道解。我们表明,如果我们没有先验知识的过境期间的FCO方法作为一个周期图仍然会检测到开普勒-78b的径向速度数据。因此,它可以有效地发现未知的短周期信号存在显着的活动噪声。使用FCO方法,同时保持星历和轨道相位固定到光度值,并仅使用来自进行6-10次测量的夜晚的数据,结果是K振幅为1.34 +/- 0.25 m/s。行星质量为1.31 +/- 0.24 M_Earth,行星密度为rho = 4.5(-2.0/+2.2)g/cm^3。允许轨道相位是一个自由参数,重现过境阶段的不确定性。相应的密度意味着开普勒-78 b可能有一个缺铁的结构,因此更像月球。尽管用于过滤开普勒78活动的各种方法产生了一致的径向速度幅度,但这些幅度仍然太大,无法限制这颗行星的结构。开普勒-78b质量的不确定性大到足以涵盖从类水星(铁富集)到类月球(缺铁)的结构模型。需要更精确的K振幅以及更好地确定行星半径来区分这些模型。

英文摘要:

Kepler-78b is a transiting Earth-mass planet in an 8.5 hr orbit discovered by the Kepler Space Mission. We performed an analysis of the published radial velocity measurements for Kepler-78 in order to derive a refined measurement for the planet mass. Kepler-78 is an active star and radial velocity variations due to activity were removed using a Floating Chunk Offset (FCO) method where an orbital solution was made to the data by allowing the velocity offsets of individual nights to vary. We show that if we had no a priori knowledge of the transit period the FCO method used as a periodogram would still have detected Kepler-78b in the radial velocity data. It can thus be effective at finding unknown short-period signals in the presence of significant activity noise. Using the FCO method while keeping the ephemeris and orbital phase fixed to the photometric values and using only data from nights where 6-10 measurements were taken results in a K-amplitude of 1.34 +/- 0.25 m/s. a planet mass of 1.31 +/- 0.24 M_Earth, and a planet density of rho = 4.5 (-2.0/+2.2) g/cm^3. Allowing the orbital phase to be a free parameter reproduces the transit phase to within the uncertainty. The corresponding density implies that Kepler-78b may have a structure that is deficient in iron and is thus more like the Moon. Although the various approaches that were used to filter out the activity of Kepler 78 produce consistent radial velocity amplitudes to within the errors, these are still too large to constrain the structure of this planet. The uncertainty in the mass for Kepler-78b is large enough to encompass models with structures ranging from Mercury-like (iron enriched) to Moon-like (iron deficient). A more accurate K-amplitude as well as a better determination of the planet radius are needed to distinguish between these models.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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