arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1406.4529cond-mat.softcond-mat.stat-mech
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颗粒填料的动态软化

Softening of Granular Packings with Dynamic Forcing

C. J. Olson Reichhardt, L. M. Lopatina, X. Jia, P. A. Johnson

摘要:

我们进行了数值模拟的二维双分散颗粒填料进行静态围压和正弦动态施加的一个边缘上的包装壁的压力。我们测量的响应所经历的壁的填料的相对边缘,并获得的填料的谐振频率作为静态或动态压力的变化。在增加的静压下,谐振频率增加,表明通过填料传播的弹性波的速度增加。相反,当静态压力固定时,动态振幅增加,谐振频率降低,表明波速降低。这发生在压缩和剪切动力强迫,并与实验结果一致。我们发现,在共振频率的平均接触数$Z_c$随动态振幅的增加而减少,这表明填料的弹性软化与减少的颗粒-颗粒接触的数量有关,通过该颗粒-颗粒接触,弹性波可以传播。我们的形象的激励中创建的包装,并表明,有本地化的干扰或软点,变得更加普遍的动态振幅增加。我们的研究结果与玻璃珠填料和地球材料,如砂岩和花岗岩的实验是一致的,并可能是有关的弹性波速度,已观察到发生在附近的断层带强震后,在地表沉积物在强烈的地面运动,并在地震激发的结构。

英文摘要:

We perform numerical simulations of a two-dimensional bidisperse granular packing subjected to both a static confining pressure and a sinusoidal dynamic forcing applied by a wall on one edge of the packing. We measure the response experienced by a wall on the opposite edge of the packing and obtain the resonant frequency of the packing as the static or dynamic pressures are varied. Under increasing static pressure, the resonant frequency increases, indicating a velocity increase of elastic waves propagating through the packing. In contrast, when the dynamic amplitude is increased for fixed static pressure, the resonant frequency decreases, indicating a decrease in the wave velocity. This occurs both for compressional and for shear dynamic forcing, and is in agreement with experimental results. We find that the average contact number $Z_c$ at the resonant frequency decreases with increasing dynamic amplitude, indicating that the elastic softening of the packing is associated with a reduced number of grain-grain contacts through which the elastic waves can travel. We image the excitations created in the packing and show that there are localized disturbances or soft spots that become more prevalent with increasing dynamic amplitude. Our results are in agreement with experiments on glass bead packings and earth materials such as sandstone and granite, and may be relevant to the decrease in elastic wave velocities that has been observed to occur near fault zones after strong earthquakes, in surficial sediments during strong ground motion, and in structures during earthquake excitation.

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