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arXiv 1405.0984math.DGmath.LO
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通过无穷小位移的Differential geometry

Differential geometry via infinitesimal displacements

Tahl Nowik, Mikhail G. Katz

摘要:

在非标准分析的背景下,给出光滑流形M上一些基本微分几何概念的新表述。代替经典的向量场,需要构造M的切丛,我们定义一个预向量场,它是从 *M到自身的内部映射,实现了向量作为无穷小位移的直观概念。我们引入正则性条件的prevector字段,由有限差分定义,因此纯粹的组合条件,不涉及分析。这些条件取代了以前类似方法中出现的更详细的分析正则性条件,例如Stroyan和Sauzurg或Lutz和Goze。我们定义了流的预向量场的超有限迭代给定的预向量场,在欧拉方法的精神。通过对两个预向量场的换位子进行适当的迭代,定义了它们的李括号。我们研究流和李括号的性质,特别是在我们提出的正则性条件。我们提出了几个简单的应用程序的经典设置,如界有关的流量的向量场,分析小振荡的钟摆,和一个例子的Frobenius定理的完全可积性的独立向量场。

英文摘要:

We present a new formulation of some basic differential geometric notions on a smooth manifold M, in the setting of nonstandard analysis. In place of classical vector fields, for which one needs to construct the tangent bundle of M, we define a prevector field, which is an internal map from *M to itself, implementing the intuitive notion of vectors as infinitesimal displacements. We introduce regularity conditions for prevector fields, defined by finite differences, thus purely combinatorial conditions involving no analysis. These conditions replace the more elaborate analytic regularity conditions appearing in previous similar approaches, e.g. by Stroyan and Luxemburg or Lutz and Goze. We define the flow of a prevector field by hyperfinite iteration of the given prevector field, in the spirit of Euler's method. We define the Lie bracket of two prevector fields by appropriate iteration of their commutator. We study the properties of flows and Lie brackets, particularly in relation with our proposed regularity conditions. We present several simple applications to the classical setting, such as bounds related to the flow of vector fields, analysis of small oscillations of a pendulum, and an instance of Frobenius' Theorem regarding the complete integrability of independent vector fields.

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