We present a new formulation of some basic differential geometric notions on a smooth manifold M, in the setting of nonstandard analysis. In place of classical vector fields, for which one needs to construct the tangent bundle of M, we define a prevector field, which is an internal map from *M to itself, implementing the intuitive notion of vectors as infinitesimal displacements. We introduce regularity conditions for prevector fields, defined by finite differences, thus purely combinatorial conditions involving no analysis. These conditions replace the more elaborate analytic regularity conditions appearing in previous similar approaches, e.g. by Stroyan and Luxemburg or Lutz and Goze. We define the flow of a prevector field by hyperfinite iteration of the given prevector field, in the spirit of Euler's method. We define the Lie bracket of two prevector fields by appropriate iteration of their commutator. We study the properties of flows and Lie brackets, particularly in relation with our proposed regularity conditions. We present several simple applications to the classical setting, such as bounds related to the flow of vector fields, analysis of small oscillations of a pendulum, and an instance of Frobenius' Theorem regarding the complete integrability of independent vector fields.
Cauchy's work on integral geometry, centers of curvature, and other applications of infinitesimals
像他的同事德Prony,珀蒂,泊松在巴黎综合理工学院,柯西使用无穷小的莱布尼茨,欧拉传统都在他的研究和教学。柯西应用无穷小在1826年的工作在微分几何的无穷小既不作为变量也不作为序列,而是作为数字。他还适用于无穷小在1832年的文章积分几何,类似的数字。我们探讨这些和其他应用柯西的无穷小,在他的教科书和研究文章。仔细阅读柯西的工作挑战收到的意见柯西的作用,历史上的分析和几何。我们证明了可行性柯西的无穷小技术在不同领域的几何概率,微分几何,弹性,狄拉克δ函数,连续性和收敛。关键词:柯西-克罗夫顿公式;曲率中心;连续性;无穷小;积分几何;极限;标准部分; de Prony; Poisson
The affine bundle theorem in synthetic differential geometry of jet bundles
在我们的[Higher-order preconnections in synthetic differential geometry of jet bundles,Beiträge zur Algebra und Geometrie,45(2004),677-696]中,我们已经建立了在无穷小空间D的条件下对jet bundle进行合成的仿射束定理。在我们的成功[合成微分几何高阶全微分,出现在拓扑学手册等几何Différentielle Catégoriques]我们介绍了另一种合成方法,以喷射束方面的无穷小空间D_{n}的,并比较了它与前一种方法都在一般微线性设置和在有限维设置。然而,我们在有限维条件下的比较是不完全的,因为我们使用维数计数技术已经默认了用D和D_{n}表示的喷流丛是向量丛,除非给定的丛已经是向量丛,否则情况不是这样。本文的主要目的是建立仿射丛定理在我们的第二个综合方法喷丛,然后比较不仅基于这两种方法的喷丛,但仿射丛作为一个整体构建在一般的微线性设置和有限维设置。这就完成了我们在有限维环境中两种方法之间的比较。
Université Paris Cité and Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IMJ-PRG(巴黎西岱大学与索邦大学,法国国家科学研究中心,数学与计算机研究所);Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut de recherche en informatique fondamentale(巴黎西岱大学,法国国家科学研究中心,基础信息学研究所)