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arXiv 1402.3553astro-ph.SR
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从恒星到云的喷流和外流:观测对抗理论

Jets and Outflows From Star to Cloud: Observations Confront Theory

A. Frank, T. P. Ray, S. Cabrit, P. Hartigan, H. G. Arce, F. Bacciotti, J. Bally, M. Benisty, J. Eislöffel, M. Güdel, S. Lebedev, B. Nisini, A. Raga

摘要:

在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了喷流和外流在恒星和行星形成过程中的作用。我们的基本问题可以提出如下:喷流/外流仅仅是与恒星形成相关的附带现象,还是它们在调节恒星个体和全球聚集的物理过程中发挥了重要作用?我们通过回顾观测的现状及其与理论的关键联系点来解决这个问题。我们对喷流/外流现象的综述分为三个长度尺度域:源尺度和盘尺度($0.1-10^2$ au)与原恒星和盘演化理论的联系是最重要的;包络尺度($10^2-10^5$ au)其中化学和传播进一步阐明了喷气发射过程、其可变性及其对下落包线的影响;父云规模($10^5-10^6$ au),其中全局动量注入到集群/云环境中变得相关。反馈问题在最小尺度上特别重要,在这种尺度上,盘中的行星形成区域可能受到盘风、喷流冲击辐射或风屏蔽的影响。对包层尺度的反馈可以决定最终的恒星质量(核心到恒星的效率)和包层耗散。反馈在更大尺度上也起着重要的作用,外流有助于星团内的湍流支持,包括改变星团恒星形成效率(在更大尺度上的反馈目前似乎不太可能)。一个特别新颖的方面,我们的审查是,我们认为从新兴领域的高能量密度实验室天体物理学(HEDLA)射流动力学的结果。HEDLA现在正在提供对全磁化、高超音速、辐射外流的3-D动力学的直接见解。

英文摘要:

In this review we focus on the role jets and outflows play in the star and planet formation process. Our essential question can be posed as follows: are jets/outflows merely an epiphenomenon associated with star formation or do they play an important role in mediating the physics of assembling stars both individually and globally? We address this question by reviewing the current state of observations and their key points of contact with theory. Our review of jet/outflow phenomena is organized into three length-scale domains: Source and Disk Scales ($0.1-10^2$ au) where the connection with protostellar and disk evolution theories is paramount; Envelope Scales ($10^2-10^5$ au) where the chemistry and propagation shed further light on the jet launching process, its variability and its impact on the infalling envelope; Parent Cloud Scales ($10^5-10^6$ au) where global momentum injection into cluster/cloud environments become relevant. Issues of feedback are of particular importance on the smallest scales where planet formation regions in a disk may be impacted by the presence of disk winds, irradiation by jet shocks or shielding by the winds. Feedback on envelope scales may determine the final stellar mass (core-to-star efficiency) and envelope dissipation. Feedback also plays an important role on the larger scales with outflows contributing to turbulent support within clusters including alteration of cluster star formation efficiencies (feedback on larger scales currently appears unlikely). A particularly novel dimension of our review is that we consider results on jet dynamics from the emerging field of High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics (HEDLA). HEDLA is now providing direct insights into the 3-D dynamics of fully magnetized, hypersonic, radiative outflows.

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