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arXiv 1609.02607astro-ph.SR
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[Fe来自船底座中等质量原恒星的II ]喷流

[Fe II] jets from intermediate-mass protostars in Carina

Megan Reiter, Nathan Smith, John Bally

摘要:

我们提出了新的HST/WFC 3-IR窄带[Fe II]图像的船底座星云的原恒星喷流。结合5个以前发表的来源,我们有一个样本的18喷流和2 HH对象。所有的喷流,我们有针对性的WFC 3显示明亮的红外[Fe II]发射,和一些H $α$候选喷流被确认为准直流出的基础上,他们的[Fe II]发射的形态。连续减影图像清楚地将射流发射与相邻的电离前沿分开,提供了比H $α$更好的准直射流示踪剂,并使我们能够将这些射流与其嵌入的驱动源连接起来。在喷流中测得的[Fe II] 1.64 $μ$ m/H $α$通量比是相邻电离锋的$\gtrsim 5$倍。低电离喷流核心需要高密度来屏蔽Fe $^+$,以防止H II区O型恒星的FUV辐射进一步电离。高喷流密度意味着高质量损失率,与我们确定的13个喷流的中间质量驱动源一致。剩下的喷流来自不透明的球状体,这些球状体掩盖了原恒星的辐射。在许多方面,船底座的HH喷流看起来像是由低质量原恒星驱动的喷流的放大版本。总之,这些观察表明,[Fe II]发射是一个可靠的示踪剂的密集,辐射射流驱动的中等质量的原恒星。我们认为,高度准直的外流是常见的更大质量的原恒星,他们建议的外流物理推断低质量恒星形成规模至少$\sim8$ M $_{\odot}$。

英文摘要:

We present new HST/WFC3-IR narrowband [Fe II] images of protostellar jets in the Carina Nebula. Combined with 5 previously published sources, we have a sample of 18 jets and 2 HH objects. All of the jets we targeted with WFC3 show bright infrared [Fe II] emission, and a few H$α$ candidate jets are confirmed as collimated outflows based on the morphology of their [Fe II] emission. Continuum-subtracted images clearly separate jet emission from the adjacent ionization front, providing a better tracer of the collimated jet than H$α$ and allowing us to connect these jets with their embedded driving sources. The [Fe II] 1.64 $μ$m/H$α$ flux ratio measured in the jets is $\gtrsim 5$ times larger than in the adjacent ionization fronts. The low-ionization jet core requires high densities to shield Fe$^+$ against further ionization by the FUV radiation from O-type stars in the H II region. High jet densities imply high mass-loss rates, consistent with the intermediate-mass driving sources we identify for 13 jets. The remaining jets emerge from opaque globules that obscure emission from the protostar. In many respects, the HH jets in Carina look like a scaled-up version of the jets driven by low-mass protostars. Altogether, these observations suggest that [Fe II] emission is a reliable tracer of dense, irradiated jets driven by intermediate-mass protostars. We argue that highly collimated outflows are common to more massive protostars, and that they suggest the outflow physics inferred for low-mass stars formation scales up to at least $\sim8$ M$_{\odot}$.

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