含MUSE的原恒星外流和喷流中的禁戒发射线
Forbidden emission lines in protostellar outflows and jets with MUSE
摘要：
原行星盘中的禁戒发射线是研究盘和宿主恒星演化的关键诊断。我们报告了空间分辨的发射线，[OI] 6300，6363，[NII] 6548，6583，H $α$，和[SII] 6716，6730埃，被认为是与喷流和磁驱动的风在内部磁盘。观测是在甚大望远镜上用多单元光谱探测器（MUSE）的光学积分场光谱仪进行的。在0.025 X 0.025 arcsec $^{2}$的分辨率下，我们的目标是导出与内盘连接的流出/喷流（PA $_{outflow/jet}$）的位置角。这里分析的禁发射线起源于原行星盘的内部。从DL Tau、CI Tau、DS Tau、IP Tau和IM Lup中沿流出/喷流的最大强度发射，我们能够可靠地测量大多数识别线的PA $_{outflow/jet}$。我们发现，我们的估计同意PA $_{dust}$的大多数磁盘。这些估计取决于信号噪声水平和外流（射流）的准直。CIDA 9、GO Tau和GW Lup中的流出/喷流过于紧凑，无法估计PA $_{outflow/jet}$。基于我们的运动学分析，我们确认，DL头和CI头主机的视线速度远大于100公里秒$^{-1}$的强烈外流/射流，而DS头，IP头，IM Lup速度较低，其结构包括低速组件与风。对于这里分析的盘状外流/喷流系统，我们对质量损失率$\dot{M}_{loss}$的估计范围在（1.1-6.5）× 10 $^{-7}$-10 $^{-8}$ $M_{\odot}$ yr $^{-1}$之间。这里分析的流出/射流系统在内外盘之间对齐约1度。需要进一步观察以确认IM Lup中的潜在未对准。
英文摘要：
Forbidden emission lines in protoplanetary disks are a key diagnostic in studies of the evolution of the disk and the host star. We report spatially resolved emission lines, [OI] 6300, 6363, [NII] 6548, 6583, H$α$, and [SII] 6716, 6730 Angstrom that are believed to be associated with jets and magnetically driven winds in the inner disks. Observations were carried out with the optical integral field spectrograph of the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE), at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). With a resolution of 0.025 X 0.025 arcsec$^{2}$, we aim to derive the position angle of the outflow/jet (PA$_{outflow/jet}$) that is connected with the inner disk. The forbidden emission lines analyzed here have their origin at the inner parts of the protoplanetary disk. From the maximum intensity emission along the outflow/jet in DL Tau, CI Tau, DS Tau, IP Tau, and IM Lup, we were able to reliably measure the PA$_{outflow/jet}$ for most of the identified lines. We found that our estimates agree with PA$_{dust}$ for most of the disks. These estimates depend on the signal-to-noise level and the collimation of the outflow (jet). The outflows/jets in CIDA 9, GO Tau, and GW Lup are too compact for a PA$_{outflow/jet}$ to be estimated. Based on our kinematics analysis, we confirm that DL Tau and CI Tau host a strong outflow/jet with line-of-sight velocities much greater than 100 km s$^{-1}$, whereas DS Tau, IP Tau, and IM Lup velocities are lower and their structures encompass low-velocity components to be more associated with winds. Our estimates for the mass-loss rate, $\dot{M}_{loss}$, range between (1.1-6.5)X10$^{-7}$-10$^{-8}$ $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ for the disk-outflow/jet systems analyzed here. The outflow/jet systems analyzed here are aligned within around 1 degree between the inner and outer disk. Further observations are needed to confirm a potential misalignment in IM Lup.
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