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arXiv 1402.3023physics.chem-ph
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密度泛函理论的不连续性

Integer Discontinuity of Density Functional Theory

Martin A. Mosquera, Adam Wasserman

摘要:

Kohn-Sham理论的交换相关能的密度泛函近似,如局域密度近似和广义梯度近似,缺乏众所周知的整数不连续性,这是正确描述分子解离的关键特征。此外,当电子数是从巨正则系综统计得到的非整数时,交换相关能的标准近似也不能得到基态能量与电子数的正确线性关系。我们提出了一个正式的框架来恢复任何密度泛函近似的整数不连续性。我们的形式主义来自一个公式的确切的能量泛函和一个新的约束搜索功能,恢复的线性依赖的能量上的电子数。

英文摘要:

Density functional approximations to the exchange-correlation energy of Kohn-Sham theory, such as the local density approximation and generalized gradient approximations, lack the well-known integer discontinuity, a feature that is critical to describe molecular dissociation correctly. Moreover, standard approximations to the exchange-correlation energy also fail to yield the correct linear dependence of the ground-state energy on the number of electrons when this is a non-integer number obtained from the grand canonical ensemble statistics. We present a formal framework to restore the integer discontinuity of any density functional approximation. Our formalism derives from a formula for the exact energy functional and a new constrained search functional that recovers the linear dependence of the energy on the number of electrons.

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