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arXiv 1402.0572cs.GT
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合作连通性博弈中的奖励共享

Sharing Rewards in Cooperative Connectivity Games

Yoram Bachrach, Ely Porat Porat, Jeffrey S. Rosenschein

摘要:

我们考虑如何自私的代理可能会分享收入来自维持重要的网络服务器之间的连接。我们建立了一个网络模型,其中一个节点的故障可能会破坏其他节点之间的通信作为一个合作的游戏称为顶点连接游戏(CG)。在这个博弈中,每个智能体都拥有一个顶点,并控制所有进出该顶点的边。如果代理联盟完全连接图中的某个顶点子集(称为主顶点),则该联盟获胜。权力指数衡量代理人影响游戏结果的能力。我们表明,在我们的域中,这样的指数可以用来确定代理有权获得的收入的公平份额,并确定影响网络中通信可靠性的重要可能的故障点。我们表明,在一般的图,计算Shapley和Banzhaf功率指数是P-完全的,但建议一个多项式算法来计算它们在树上。我们还调查找到稳定的收益部门的收入在CG,捕获的核心,其松弛,ε-核心和最小的核心的博弈论解决方案。我们展示了一个多项式算法计算的核心CG,但表明,测试是否填补是在ε-核心是CONP完全的。最后,我们表明,对于树,它是可能的测试ε-核心插补在多项式时间。

英文摘要:

We consider how selfish agents are likely to share revenues derived from maintaining connectivity between important network servers. We model a network where a failure of one node may disrupt communication between other nodes as a cooperative game called the vertex Connectivity Game (CG). In this game, each agent owns a vertex, and controls all the edges going to and from that vertex. A coalition of agents wins if it fully connects a certain subset of vertices in the graph, called the primary vertices. Power indices measure an agents ability to affect the outcome of the game. We show that in our domain, such indices can be used to both determine the fair share of the revenues an agent is entitled to, and identify significant possible points of failure affecting the reliability of communication in the network. We show that in general graphs, calculating the Shapley and Banzhaf power indices is #P-complete, but suggest a polynomial algorithm for calculating them in trees. We also investigate finding stable payoff divisions of the revenues in CGs, captured by the game theoretic solution of the core, and its relaxations, the epsilon-core and least core. We show a polynomial algorithm for computing the core of a CG, but show that testing whether an imputation is in the epsilon-core is coNP-complete. Finally, we show that for trees, it is possible to test for epsilon-core imputations in polynomial time.

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