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arXiv 1401.6103astro-ph.EP
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土星D环中的非圆形特征:D68

Non-circular features in Saturn's D ring: D68

M. M. Hedman, J. A. Burt, J. A. Burns, M. R. Showalter

摘要:

D 68是一个狭窄的小环,距离土星自转轴只有67,627公里(1.12行星半径)。卡西尼号太空船获得的小环图像显示,这个小环具有持续的纵向亮度变化和相当大的离心率(ae=25+/-1 km)。通过比较不同时间的观测结果,我们确认了亮度的变化大约以当地的轨道速率(1751.6度/天)围绕行星旋转,小环的近心进动为38.243+/-0.008度/天,这与土星高阶引力谐波导致的该位置的拱点进动速率一致。令人惊讶的是,我们还发现小环的半长轴似乎在2005年至2013年间以2.4+/-0.4公里/年的速度随着时间的推移而减少。仔细观察这些测量结果,以及考虑早期旅行者号对这个小环的观测,表明D 68的平均半径来回移动,可能有大约15个地球年或大约半个土星年的周期。这些观测结果可能会对小环的局部动力学环境和行星的引力场产生重要的约束。

英文摘要:

D68 is a narrow ringlet located only 67,627 km (1.12 planetary radii) from Saturn's spin axis. Images of this ringlet obtained by the Cassini spacecraft reveal that this ringlet exhibits persistent longitudinal brightness variations and a substantial eccentricity (ae=25+/-1 km). By comparing observations made at different times, we confirm that the brightness variations revolve around the planet at approximately the local orbital rate (1751.6 degrees/day), and that the ringlet's pericenter precesses at 38.243+/-0.008 degrees/day, consistent with the expected apsidal precession rate at this location due to Saturn's higher-order gravitational harmonics. Surprisingly, we also find that the ringlet's semi-major axis appears to be decreasing with time at a rate of 2.4+/-0.4 km/year between 2005 and 2013. A closer look at these measurements, along with a consideration of earlier Voyager observations of this same ringlet, suggests that the mean radius of D68 moves back and forth, perhaps with a period of around 15 Earth years or about half a Saturn year. These observations could place important constraints on both the ringlet's local dynamical environment and the planet's gravitational field.

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