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arXiv 1508.07375astro-ph.EP
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在太阳分点土星A环的不完全冷却：环粒子的季节性热惯性和内部结构的含意

Incomplete cooling down of Saturn's A ring at solar equinox: Implication for seasonal thermal inertia and internal structure of ring particles

Ryuji Morishima, Linda Spilker, Shawn Brooks, Estelle Deau, Stu Pilorz

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52 pages, 19 figures, Icarus in press
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摘要：

在2009年8月的太阳分点，卡西尼号上的复合红外光谱仪（CIRS）显示了有史以来观测到的最低土星环温度。详细的辐射转移模型表明，只要只考虑土星的通量，土星A环观测到的春分温度就比模型预测的要高得多。这表明A环在春分点没有完全冷却下来。我们开发了一个简单的季节性环温度模型，并首先假设环颗粒的内部密度和热惯性是均匀的深度。颗粒大小估计为1-2 μ m。A环中部的季节热惯量为30-50 JmPDMATHABMM K $^{-1}$ s $^{-1/2}$，而A环内外区的季节热惯量为10 JmPDMATHABMM K $^{-1}$ s $^{-1/2}$或与昼夜热惯量一样低。一个附加的内部结构模型，其中一个粒子有一个高密度的核心周围的蓬松的风化层地幔，表明核心半径相对于粒子半径约为0.9的中间A环和更小的内部和外部区域的A环。这意味着环粒子内部密度的径向变化存在于整个A环。一些机制可能是将致密颗粒限制在中间A环中以防止粘性扩散。或者，（中间的）A环可能是最近（$<$ 10 $^{8}$ yr）由于一颗冰冷的卫星的破坏而形成的，因此致密的颗粒还没有扩散到A环上，颗粒的风化层地幔还没有变厚。我们的模型结果还表明，核心的成分主要是水冰，而不是岩石。

英文摘要：

At the solar equinox in August 2009, the Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) onboard Cassini showed the lowest Saturn's ring temperatures ever observed. Detailed radiative transfer models show that the observed equinox temperatures of Saturn's A ring are much higher than model predictions as long as only the flux from Saturn is taken into account. This indicates that the A ring was not completely cooled down at the equinox. We develop a simple seasonal model for ring temperatures and first assume that the internal density and the thermal inertia of a ring particle are uniform with depth. The particle size is estimated to be 1-2 m. The seasonal thermal inertia is found to be 30-50 Jm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$s$^{-1/2}$ in the middle A ring whereas it is $\sim$ 10 Jm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$s$^{-1/2}$ or as low as the diurnal thermal inertia in the inner and outermost regions of the A ring. An additional internal structure model, in which a particle has a high density core surrounded by a fluffy regolith mantle, shows that the core radius relative to the particle radius is about 0.9 for the middle A ring and is much less for the inner and outer regions of the A ring. This means that the radial variation of the internal density of ring particles exists across the A ring. Some mechanisms may be confining dense particles in the middle A ring against viscous diffusion. Alternatively, the (middle) A ring might have recently formed ($<$ 10$^{8}$ yr) by destruction of an icy satellite, so that dense particles have not yet diffused over the A ring and regolith mantles of particles have not grown thick. Our model results also indicate that the composition of the core is predominantly water ice, not rock.

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